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11 Cards in this Set
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name all the types of germ cell tumors
are germ cell tumors mostly benign or malignant? what age group do germ cell tumors usually occur in? name the 3 types of teratomas |
teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma
mostly benign mostly children and young adults 3 types of teratomas: mature cystic/dermoid cyst, monodermal, and immature teratomas |
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describe what a mature cystic teratoma is
can a mature cystic teratoma be malignant? describe what a monodermal teratoma is name a classic example of a monoderamal teratoma describe what an immature teratoma is what determines the prognosis of an immature teratoma? |
mature cystic teratoma is a cystic tumor made up of different types of mature tissues (skin, teeth, hair, etc)
only 1% of mature cystic teratomas transform to squamous carcinoma a monodermal teratoma is a tumor made up of only one type of adult tissue the classic example is struma ovarii, which acts like thyroid tissue and can even get thyroid cancer an immature teratoma is made up of both embryonal/immature and adult tissue. the embryonal tissue is usually neuroepithelial the amount of immature tissue present determines the prognosis of an immature teratoma |
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what does a dysgerminoma look like grossly? histologically?
what age group do dysgerminomas mostly affect? are they benign or malignant? indolent or aggressive? how is their survival rate? why? what are dysgerminomas analogous to in the male? |
gross: large, smooth, lobulated, fleshy mass
histo: cell nests surrounded by stroma full of lymphocytes. cells have clear cytoplasm mostly affect teens and twenty year olds mostly malignant, rarely aggresive. survival rate is good bc responsive to chemo dysgerminomas are analogous to seminomas of the testis in the male |
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what does a yolk sac tumor/endodermal sinus tumor look like histologically?
what age group do yolk sac tumors normally affect? are yolk sac tumors indolent or aggressive? what is their prognosis and why? explain the 2 types of choriocarcinomas of the ovary and what is the prognosis for each? |
histo of yolk sac: schiller duval body, hyaline, PAS-D droplets, AFP+
normally affect those under 30 y/o aggressive, but prognosis better bc respond to chemo choriocarcinomas: gestational origin are metastases from a uterine primary (bc come from fertilized egg w/ mom and dad components) w/ good prognosis, chemo sensitive non-gestational origin come from a germ cell (i.e. egg in ovary) and are usually a component of a mixed germ cell tumor and have a bad prognosis |
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name all the types of sex cord/stromal tumors
what do they all have in common? |
granulosa cell, fibroma/thecoma, sertoli/leydig cell tumor
all produce sex hormones |
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what do granulosa cell tumors look like histologically?
what hormone do granulosa cell tumors produce? what effects does this have? are granulosa cell tumors benign or malignant? indolent or aggressive? what does a fibroma/thecoma look like histologically? what is the clinical presentation for a fibroma/thecoma are fibromas/thecomas mostly benign or malignant? |
granulosa cell tumor histo: call-exner bodies, longitudinal nuclear grooves, +/- theca component w/ steroid secreting foamy cytoplasm
granulosa cell tumors produce estrogen causing precocious puberty in girls and endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma in women. granulosa cell tumors are malignant but indolent fibromas/thecomas vary b/t more fibroblasts (fibroma) or more plump cells w/ lipid (thecoma clinically associated w/ ascites + right sided pleural effusion (meig's syndrome) most fibromas/thecomas are benign |
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what do sertoli/leydig cell tumors look like histologically?
what effects do sertoli/leydig cell tumors have? do sertoli/leydig cell tumors metastasize? where do metastases to the ovary come from? what does a krukenberg tumor look like histologically? what is the most common primary site of a krukenberg tumor? |
sertoli/leydig cell tumors look like testicular structures
effects are masculinizing and block sexual development in girls sertoli/leydig cell tumors only metastasize in 5% of girls metastases come from stomach, colon, appendix, breast, uterus, lung, skin infiltration of signet ring cells w/ intracellular mucin, often bilateral krukenberg tumors usually come from the stomach |
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what are some risk factors that incr the chance of ectopic tubal pregnancy?
what are the possible outcomes of an ectopic pregnancy? name some treatments for ectopic pregnancy name a benign tumor of the fallopian tube how often do you have a primary carcinoma of the tube? what is required for a diagnosis of a primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube? what does a primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube look like |
PID and previous ectopic pregancy incr the chance for another ectopic pregnancy
outcomes: tubal abortion, spontaneous death, hematosalpinx and intrabdominal hemorrhage, or persist to term ectopic preganncy tx: salpingectomy (remove affected tube), salpingostomy (remove contents only), methotrexate benign tumor of fallopian tube: adenomatoid tumor rare; need to rule out all other tumor sources first primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube looks like a serous ovarian tuomr |
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name some examples of non-neoplasic ovarian cysts
what do follicular cysts look like grossly? histologically? what is their prognosis? what do corpus luteum cysts look like grossly? histologically? what is their prognosis? |
follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, endometriosis, polycystic ovary disease
follicular cysts gross: distended developing or atretic follicles; histo: cell wall of theca cells w/ or w/o granulosa cell layer prognosis: most regress w/in 2 mo corpus luteum cyst gross: yellow, undulating, adrenal-like w/ hemorrhagic center histo: lined by luteinized granulosa and theca cells w/ lots of pink cytoplasm prognosis: resolve w/in 2 mo |
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what is endometriosis?
what is the most common site of endometriosis? what symptoms come w/ endometriosis? what does endometriosis look like histologically? gross? what is the primary pathogenic theory for endometriosis? other thoeries? |
endometriosis is when endometrial glands and stroma are outside the uterus
most common site = ovary symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility endometriosis histo: endometriotic cysts/endometriomas almost replace entire ovary gross: hemorrhagic, shaggy lining, chocolate fluid primary theory: retrograde menstruation (go up ovaries and spit out into peritoneum) other theories include metaplasia and lymphovasculars spread |
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what are the clinical findings for polycystic ovary disease?
what does polycystic ovary disease look like grossly? histologically? can you make a diagnosis of POD purely off of histology? why or why not? |
clinical for POD: chronic anovlation (w/ excess estrogen production), obesity, hirsutism, insulin resistance
POD gross: has thickened, fibrotic cortex w/ at least 8 cortical cysts POD histo: atretic follicules w/ granulosa cells and luteinized theca interna cells, lack corpora lutea or corpora albicantia NEED clinical findings too bc the same histo can be seen w/ anything that causes chronic anovulation |
