11 Translation

Front 1

423. Which of the following is NOT an example of post-translational processing?
A. Hydroxylation of proline
B. Proteolytic activation
C. Cystine formation
D. Phosphorylation of tyrosine
E. Glycosylation of valine

Back 1

Glycosylation of valine

Front 2

424. Translation is often terminated by the presence of
A. Rho proteins
B. AUG codons
C. Hydrolysis of the mRNA
D. A poly-U sequence
E. tRNA which does not encode for an amino acid

Back 2

tRNA which does not encode for an amino acid

Front 3

425. Which of the following amino acids is most likely to be hydroxylated during collagen synthesis?
A. Arginine
B. Glutamate
C. Lysine
D. Phenylalanine
E. Tryptophan

Back 3

Lysine

Front 4

426. Codons can be found in
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. All of the above
E. B and C

Back 4

mRNA

Front 5

427. Which of the following binds aminoacyl tRNA?
A. RNase P
B. RNase D
C. RNase III
D. A site of the ribosome
E. P site of the ribosome

Back 5

RNase P

Front 6

428. Which of the following is located on the 30S fragment of a ribosome?
A. A site
B. P site
C. Codon
D. Anticodon
E. None of the above

Back 6

None of the above

Front 7

429. Which of the following gains the energy it needs for moving a peptide from the A to the P site of the ribosome by hydrolyzing GTP?
A. Elongation Factor G (Translocase)
B. Releasing Factor 1 or 2
C. eIF2
D. Peptidyl transferase
E. mRNA

Back 7

Elongation Factor G (Translocase)

Front 8

430. Phosphorylation of this protein inhibits protein synthesis by making aminoacyl tRNA unavailable:
A. Elongation Factor G (Translocase)
B. Releasing Factor 1 or 2
C. eIF2
D. Peptidyl transferase
E. Helicase

Back 8

eIF2

Front 9

431. _______________ binds to the A site of the ribosome
A. Elongation Factor G (Translocase)
B. Releasing Factor 1 or 2
C. eIF2
D. Peptidyl transferase
E. rRNA

Back 9

Releasing Factor 1 or 2

Front 10

432. Which of the following clips polypeptides from the P site, and can be inhibited by cycloheximide?
A. Elongation Factor G (Translocase)
B. Releasing Factor 1 or 2
C. eIF2
D. Peptidyl transferase
E. mRNA

Back 10

Peptidyl transferase

Front 11

433. Which of the following can be used by a cell to quickly increase the rate of protein synthesis?
A. Binding of cAMP-CAP to DNA
B. Formation of polysomes
C. Synthesize more ribosomes
D. None of the above
E. A and B, but not C

Back 11

A and B, but not C

Front 12

434. Hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen biosynthesis occurs
A. after translation
B. in the mitochondrial matrix
C. before formation of their respective tRNA's
D. while proline and lysine are bound to the P site on the ribosome
E. outside the cell

Back 12

after translation

Front 13

435. The codon on a segment of mRNA reads UGC, meaning that the appropriate anticodon on tRNA would be
A. ACG
B. UAG
C. CGA
D. CGT
E. GCA

Back 13

GCA

Front 14

436. Most protein synthesis occurs
A. In the nucleus
B. In lysosomes
C. In mitochondria
D. In soluble cytoplasm
E. At the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 14

In soluble cytoplasm

Front 15

437. Aminoacyl tRNA
A. contains an anticodon
B. can only exist when aminoacyl-tRNA synthase, Ribonuclease P and RNA Polymerase III exist in eukaryotes
C. is transported to ribosomes in prokaryotes by EF-Tu
D. contains one amino acid and about 75 nucleotides
E. All of the above

Back 15

All of the above

Front 16

438. Which of the following moves tRNA from the A to the P site?
A. Erythromycin
B. Cycloheximide
C. Peptidyl transferase
D. Translocase
E. Initiation factor

Back 16

Initiation factor

Front 17

439. The presence of UGA here initiates termination:
A. P site
B. A site
C. 50S subunit
D. 30S subunit
E. Peptidyl translocase

Back 17

A site

Front 18

440. Which of the following is released during initiation of translation?
A. 30S subunit
B. Peptidyl transferase
C. 50S subunit
D. Translocase
E. Initiation factor

Back 18

Initiation factor

Front 19

441. What is meant by the “degenerate” nature of the DNA code?
A. That one tRNA can encode for more than one amino acid
B. That there are multiple codons for one amino acid
C. That substantial misreading of codons occurs during transcription
D. That substantial misreading of codons occurs during translation
E. That different types of ribosomes translate a codon differently

Back 19

That there are multiple codons for one amino acid

Front 20

442. Which of the following is a modification of initial polypeptide sequence?
A. Acetylation of the carboxyl terminal
B. Hydroxylation of proline
C. Phosphorylation of asparagine
D. Glycosylation of aspartate
E. All of the above are post-translational modifications

Back 20

Hydroxylation of proline

Front 21

443. Transfer RNA
A. Requires the activity of Rnase III to cut it from its precursor molecule.
B. Attaches to amino acids at its 5' end
C. Contains a sequence referred to as an anticodon.
D. Is the largest size of the RNAs
E. Holds proteins together in the 30S subunit of ribosomes.

Back 21

Contains a sequence referred to as an anticodon.

Front 22

444. During translation.
A. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase directly adds amino acids to the elongating polypeptide.
B. The elongating polypeptide is held at the P site while the next amino acid is about to be added.
C. The codon is located at the P site to read for the next amino acid to be added.
D. The polypeptide's carboxyl terminal is synthesized first.
E. Translocase moves the polypeptide from the P to the A site.

Back 22

The elongating polypeptide is held at the P site while the next amino acid is about to be added.

Front 23

445. During translation,
A. The anticodon can be found on tRNA
B. Appropriate amino acids are added to tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthase
C. The P site is attached to the elongating polypeptide.
D. Peptidyl transferase transfers the polypeptide from the P site to the amino acid at the A site.
E. All of the above.

Back 23

All of the above.

Front 24

446. The mechanism by which RNA is used to produce a polypeptide is called
A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Transfiguration
E. Transmigration

Back 24

Translation

Front 25

447. Which sequence of bases would be found on the t-RNA encoded for the start codon AUG?
A. UAC
B. AUG
C. CAU
D. GUA
E. There is no t-RNA encoded for the start codon

Back 25

CAU

Front 26

448. Which factors are involved in the elongation phase of translation?
A. Factor G
B. Factors eIF1, eIF2 and eIF3
C. eEF1 and eEF2
D. Releasing Factor
E. Protein C

Back 26

eEF1 and eEF2

Front 27

449. GTP is required for protein synthesis to occur. It is necessary for
A. translocation
B. binding of aminoacyl tRNA to ribosomes
C. peptide bond formation
D. All of the above
E. A and B, but not C

Back 27

A and B, but not C

Front 28

450. The anticodon is located in
A. Sense strands
B. Antisense strands
C. mRNA
D. tRNA
E. P sites

Back 28

tRNA

Front 29

451. In eukaryotic ribosomes
A. The two subunits each contain two strands of rRNA
B. The rate of translation is usually limited by ribosomal availability
C. Aminoacyl tRNA is covalently bound to the small subunit
D. About 80 total proteins are found
E. All of the above

Back 29

About 80 total proteins are found

Front 30

452. The Shane-Delgarno Sequence is significant because
A. It contains the start codon
B. It contains the stop codon
C. It contains the anticodon
D. It is the initial attachment point to the small ribosomal subunit
E. It is part of the 16S rRNA which promotes assembly of the large and small subunits

Back 30

It is the initial attachment point to the small ribosomal subunit

Front 31

453. During protein elongation, the next amino acid to be added can be found
A. At the P site
B. At the A site
C. Being added to tRNA by transformylase
D. Bound to the 5S rRNA
E. Bound to GTP

Back 31

At the A site

Front 32

454. The codons UAA or UAG can bind to
A. Releasing Factor 1 (RF-1)
B. Initiation Factor 1 (IF-1)
C. The anticodon
D. Diptheria toxin
E. fmet-tRNA

Back 32

Releasing Factor 1 (RF-1)

Front 33

455. A codon can be found
A. On mRNA
B. On tRNA
C. On rRNA
D. In the large ribosomal subunit
E. In the small ribosomal subunit

Back 33

On mRNA

Front 34

456. We can find the P site
A. In DNA
B. In mRNA
C. In the large ribosomal subunit
D. In the small ribosomal subunit
E. In aminoacyl tRNA

Back 34

In the large ribosomal subunit

Front 35

457. Which enzyme is responsible for attaching the emerging polypeptide to the amino acid located at the A site?
A. EF-tu
B. Peptidyl transferase
C. Translocase
D. Chloramphenicol
E. RF-1

Back 35

Peptidyl transferase