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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The feeling good transmitters.
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norepinephrine and dopamine are _________ neurotransmitters.
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What are the effects of nerve gas and organophosphate insecticides (malathion).
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The effects of _______ cause AChE to be blocked, and ACh effects are prolonged, leading to tetanic muscle spasms.
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The effects of botulinum toxin do.
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This toxin inhibits the release of ACh.
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Binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors is inhibited by _________.
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Curare (muscle paralytic agent) and snake venoms do this.
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Binding of ACh to muscarinic receptors is inhibited by _________.
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Atropine inhibits _______.
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The functional class of ACh.
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_____ binds to two receptors. Nicotinic receptor binding is excitatory and direct. Muscarinic receptor binding is excitatory/inhibatory and indirect.
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Nicotine binds to _______ and releases this to cause the behavioral effects smokers feel.
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______ binds to the nicotinic ACh receptors and releases dopamine to cause ________.
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ATP functional class.
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Direct or indirect, excitatory or inhibitory.
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Functional class of ACh at nicotinic receptors.
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Excitatory, direct.
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Functional class of ACh at muscarinic receptors.
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Excitatory or Inhibatory, indirect.
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The biogenic amines.
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Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotine, Histamine.
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Functional class of Serotonin.
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Inhibatory, Indirect (except direct action at 5-HT3 receptors.)
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The receptor that serotonin is direct at.
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Serotonin is ________ at the 5-HT3 receptor.
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Increses stomach acid, released by mast cells during inflammation, powerful vasodialater.
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Histamine.
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Activity blocked by LSD and enhanced by ecstasy.
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Serotonin.
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May be involved in sleep, hunger, nausea, migraine headaches, and regulation of mood.
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Serotonin.
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Drugs that blocks its uptake (prozac) relieve anxiety and depression.
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Serotonin.
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Release enhanced by amphetamines, reuptake blacked by cocaine, may be involved in schizophrenia.
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Dopamine.
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Dopamine functional class.
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Excitatory or inhibatory, Indirect.
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Norepinephrine functional class.
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Excitatory or Inhibatory, Indirect.
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Purines.
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ATP and Adenosine.
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Amino Acids.
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GABA, glycine, glutamate.
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Gaba functional class.
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Inhibatory and direct/indirect.
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Released by sensory neurons and injured cells, provokes pain sensation.
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ATP.
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Caffiene, chocolate, tea stimulate by blocking the receptors for this neurotransmitter.
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Adenosine.
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ATP functional class.
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Inhib. or Excit., Direct or indirect.
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May be involved in sleep-wake cycles, stops seizures, dialates arteries, increases blood flow to heart.
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Adensoine.
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Adenosine functional class.
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Indirect and Inhibatory.
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Principle inhibatory neurotransmitter of brain.
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GABA.
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Principle inhibatory neurotransmitter of spinal cord.
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Glycine.
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Glutmate functional class.
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Excitatory, direct.
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Glycine sunctional class.
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Inhibatory, direct.
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Neural communications dependant on this neurotransmitter deline with age, inhibitory effects are augmented by alcohal, antianxiety drugs, and barbituates...results in impaired coordination.
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GABA.
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Important in learning. stroke neurotransmitter. Excessive release causes excitotoxicity. Caused by ischemia, aids tumor advance.
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Glutamate.
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Natural opiates that inhibit painm mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone.
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Endorphines.
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Endorphine functional class.
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Inhibitory and indirect.
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Inhibits release of growth hormone, a gut-brain peptide.
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Somatostatin.
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May be related to feeding behavoirs, a gut-brain peptide.
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Cholecystokinin.
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Excitatory, found in viagra, potentiates atroke damage.
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Nitric acid.
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pathway of sythesis for dopamine, NE, and Epi.
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TYROSINE -> (tyrosine hydroxylase) -> L-DOPA -> (Dopa decarboxylase) -> DOPAMINE -> (Dopamine beta-hydroxylase) -> NE -> (Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) -> Epinephrine.
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