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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or False: meiosis does not apply to prokaryotes.
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True
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True or False: Normal haploid cells have "2n" units of DNA, while normal diploid cells have "4n" units of DNA.
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False. Normal haploid cells have "n" units of DNA, while normal diploid cells have "2n" units of DNA. Diploid cells have "4n" units of DNA briefly during S phase.
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True or False: Normal haploid cells have "n" units of DNA, while normal diploid cells have "2n" units of DNA.
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True
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_________ are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA
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Genes
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Genes are passed to the next generation through reproductive cells called _________
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gametes
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Each gene has a specific location called a _________ on a certain chromosome
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locus
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What is a locus?
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A specific location on a gene.
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One set of chromosomes is inherited from each _________.
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Parent
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In _______________, one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis
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asexual reproduction
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A ________ is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent
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clone
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In ____________, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
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sexual reproduction
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Human ___________ (any cell other than a gamete) have 23 pairs of chromosomes
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somatic cells
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A __________ is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
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karyotype
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The two chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes, or ____________
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homologs
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The two chromosomes in each pair are called _____________, or homologs
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homologous chromosomes
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True or False: Chromosomes in a homologous pair are the same length and carry genes controlling the same inherited characters
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True
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What are some similarities between mitosis and meiosis?
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DNA synthesis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase steps. (incomplete)
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Division in meiosis II occurs in _________ phases
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four
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Division in meiosis II also occurs in four phases:
________ ________ ________ ________ |
– Prophase II
– Metaphase II – Anaphase II – Telophase II and cytokinesis |
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____________ typically occupies more than 90% of the time required for meiosis
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Prophase I
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In _________, homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene
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synapsis
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What is synapsis?
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Synapsis is when homologous chromosomes loosly pair up, aligned gene by gene
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In ___________, nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segments
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crossing over ( or "recombination")
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Each pair of chromosomes forms a __________, a group of four chromatids
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tetrad
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Each tetrad usually has one or more ___________, X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred
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chiasmata
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Three events are unique to meiosis, and all three occur in __________
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meiosis l
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Synapsis and crossing over in prophase I: Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange _____________
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genetic information
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At the metaphase plate in metaphase I, there are ______________________ (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes
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paired homologous chromosomes
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At ___________, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate
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anaphase I
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________________ allows sister chromatids of a single chromosome to stay together through meiosis I
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Sister chromatid cohesion
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Sister chromatid cohesion allows ______________ of a single chromosome to stay together through meiosis I
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sister chromatids
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True or False: Sister chromatid cohesion prevents recombination from taking place.
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False. That was totally made up.
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True or False: Protein complexes called cohesins are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
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True.
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True or False: Protein complexes called tetrads are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
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False. Protein complexes called cohesins are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
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True or False: Protein complexes called ________ are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
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cohesins
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In mitosis, cohesins are cleaved at the end of ___________.
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metaphase
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In __________, cohesins are cleaved along the chromosome arms in anaphase I (separation of homologs) and at the centromeres in anaphase II (separation of sister chromatids)
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meiosis
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In meiosis, cohesins are cleaved along the ______________ in anaphase I (separation of homologs) and at the centromeres in anaphase II (separation of sister chromatids)
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chromosome arms
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In meiosis, cohesins are cleaved along the chromosome arms in ___________ (separation of homologs) and at the centromeres in ___________ (separation of sister chromatids)
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anaphase I & anaphase II
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