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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
True or False: meiosis does not apply to prokaryotes.
True
True or False: Normal haploid cells have "2n" units of DNA, while normal diploid cells have "4n" units of DNA.
False. Normal haploid cells have "n" units of DNA, while normal diploid cells have "2n" units of DNA. Diploid cells have "4n" units of DNA briefly during S phase.
True or False: Normal haploid cells have "n" units of DNA, while normal diploid cells have "2n" units of DNA.
True
_________ are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA
Genes
Genes are passed to the next generation through reproductive cells called _________
gametes
Each gene has a specific location called a _________ on a certain chromosome
locus
What is a locus?
A specific location on a gene.
One set of chromosomes is inherited from each _________.
Parent
In _______________, one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis
asexual reproduction
A ________ is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent
clone
In ____________, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
sexual reproduction
Human ___________ (any cell other than a gamete) have 23 pairs of chromosomes
somatic cells
A __________ is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
karyotype
The two chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes, or ____________
homologs
The two chromosomes in each pair are called _____________, or homologs
homologous chromosomes
True or False: Chromosomes in a homologous pair are the same length and carry genes controlling the same inherited characters
True
What are some similarities between mitosis and meiosis?
DNA synthesis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase steps. (incomplete)
Division in meiosis II occurs in _________ phases
four
Division in meiosis II also occurs in four phases:
________
________
________
________
– Prophase II
– Metaphase II
– Anaphase II
– Telophase II and cytokinesis
____________ typically occupies more than 90% of the time required for meiosis
Prophase I
In _________, homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene
synapsis
What is synapsis?
Synapsis is when homologous chromosomes loosly pair up, aligned gene by gene
In ___________, nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segments
crossing over ( or "recombination")
Each pair of chromosomes forms a __________, a group of four chromatids
tetrad
Each tetrad usually has one or more ___________, X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred
chiasmata
Three events are unique to meiosis, and all three occur in __________
meiosis l
Synapsis and crossing over in prophase I: Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange _____________
genetic information
At the metaphase plate in metaphase I, there are ______________________ (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes
paired homologous chromosomes
At ___________, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate
anaphase I
________________ allows sister chromatids of a single chromosome to stay together through meiosis I
Sister chromatid cohesion
Sister chromatid cohesion allows ______________ of a single chromosome to stay together through meiosis I
sister chromatids
True or False: Sister chromatid cohesion prevents recombination from taking place.
False. That was totally made up.
True or False: Protein complexes called cohesins are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
True.
True or False: Protein complexes called tetrads are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
False. Protein complexes called cohesins are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
True or False: Protein complexes called ________ are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
cohesins
In mitosis, cohesins are cleaved at the end of ___________.
metaphase
In __________, cohesins are cleaved along the chromosome arms in anaphase I (separation of homologs) and at the centromeres in anaphase II (separation of sister chromatids)
meiosis
In meiosis, cohesins are cleaved along the ______________ in anaphase I (separation of homologs) and at the centromeres in anaphase II (separation of sister chromatids)
chromosome arms
In meiosis, cohesins are cleaved along the chromosome arms in ___________ (separation of homologs) and at the centromeres in ___________ (separation of sister chromatids)
anaphase I & anaphase II