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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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population
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group of organisms of the same species living together in a given location
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community
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populations of different species interacting in a given environment
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ecosystem
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community + environment
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lithosphere
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rock and soil surface
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hydrosphere
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ocean
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substratum
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soil or rock
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niche vs. habitat
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niche = functional role of organism in its habitat
habitat = physical environment an organism inhabits |
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autotroph
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manufacture their own food
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heterotroph
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cannot synthesize their own food
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what symbiotic bacteria do in herbivores
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breakdown cellulose so the herbivore can use it
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types of symbiotic relationships
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commensalism
mutualism parasitism |
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commensalism
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one organism benefits, other is not affected
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mutualism
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both organisms benefit
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parasitism
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parasite benefits at the expense of the host
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saphrophytism
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decompose dead organic material and absorb the nutrients
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scavengers
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consume dead animals
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what must saltwater fish contend with
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hyperosmotic environment
danger is dehydration must compensate by drinking and active salt excretion across their gills |
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what must freshwater fish contend with
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hypo-osmotic environment
danger is excessive salt loss seldom drink excrete dilute urine absorb salts through their gills |
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cold blooded AKA
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poikilothermic
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cold blooded
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most of their heat energy escapes to their environment
body temperature is basically that of their surroundings they are active when temperature is high and sluggish when it is low |
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warm blooded AKA
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homeothermic
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warm blooded
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maintain constant temperature that is usually hotter than the environment they are in
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producers
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autotrophic animals
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food chain
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producers
primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers decomposers |
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why there are pyramids of mass
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since energy is lost at each level, a lower biomass can be supported
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why there is a pyramid of numbers
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animals higher in the food chain are larger and heavier (usually) and there is lower biomass as you go up the pyramid
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Nitrogen and Carbon cycle 282-283
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:-)
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climax community
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stable, living part of the ecosystem in which all populations exist in balance with each other and the environment
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ecological succession
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process by which communities replace each other until a climax community is established
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community stage AKA
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sere
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how is each stage of ecological succession identified
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a dominant species
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why a stable community would develop instead of continual succession
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ex. lichen make acid that dissolves rock and makes it into soil, thus making an environment not conducive to its own life
other organisms produce environments that promote their own growth |
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biomes
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major communities
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how are land biomes classified
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climax vegetation of the region
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characteristics of grassland biome
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low rainfall
no shelter for herbivores from predators |
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characteristics of tropical rainforest
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sunlight doesn't reach forest floor
saphrophytes live on the floor |
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epiphyte
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plant growing on other plant
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characteristics of temperate deciduous forest
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cold winters
warm summers moderate rainfall leaves shed in the fall |
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characteristics of coniferous forests
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cold
dry evergreen trees |
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characteristics of taiga biome
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little rainfall
long cold winters only spruce |
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characteristics of tundra biome
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treeless
frozen plain very short growing season |
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characteristics of polar region
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no vegetation or terrestrial animals
animals live near the oceans |
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intertidal biome
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low tide area
variable temperatures periods of dryness |
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littoral zone
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low depth ocean
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pelagic zone
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open seas
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photic zone
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part of open seas that sun can reach
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aphotic zone
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part of pelagic zone that sun doesnt reach
animals have to survive high pressure, very cold, complete darkness |
