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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isotopes
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Have the same number of protons (z) but different number of neutrons (a)
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Radiation
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the emission and propagation of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles through space or through a medium
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Contamination
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the physical presense of finely divided radioactive particles in an unwanted location
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Ionizing Radiation
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any eletromagnetic or particulate radiation (energy) capable or producing ions directly or indirectly as it passes through matter
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Directly Ionizing Radiation
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particulate radiation with a charge; interacts directly with the orbital electron through coulombic forces
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EX Directly IR (5)
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Electrons, protons, Alpha particles, beta particles, heavy charged particles
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Indirectly Ionizing Radiation
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Electromagnetic radiation and neutrons; have no charge
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EX Indirectly IR (2)
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Gamma Rays, X-rays
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Excitation
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the process of adding energy to the nucleus or electron cloud, causing it to transition from a ground state to an excited state.
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Absored Dose
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The energy absorbed per unit mass from any kind of ionizing radiation in any target
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Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD)
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the amount of any type of radiation which will deposit 100ergs of energy per gram of material
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Roentgen (R)
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amount of X-ray or gamma radiation needed to produce ions carrying 1 electrostatic unit of electric charge in 1cm3 of dry air under normal conditions
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Linear Energy Transfer
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Rate of energy absorbed by a medium along the track of an ionizing particle
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Quality Factor
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a value that accounts for the ability of different types of ionizing radiation to cause varying degrees of bilogical damage
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QA of 1 (4)
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Photons, Xray, Gamma Ray, Beta-
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QA of 2 (1)
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Thermal Neutron
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QA of 10 (2)
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Fast Neutrons, protons
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QA of 20(1)
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Alpha
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REM
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the amount of any type of radiation that will produce the same biological damage as that produced by depsoti of 100ergs of gamma radiation per gram of soft tissue
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Depth DDE
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1cm = 1000 mg/cm2
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Depth SDE
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0.007cm = 7mg/cm2
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Depth EDE
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0.3cm = 300mg/cm2
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Non-stochastic effect
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Health effect in which the severity of occurance is a function of dose with a minimum required threshold
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Stochastic Effect
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A health effect that has an increased probability of occurance as a function of dose recived without a threshold.
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