11 Ap English Vocab

Front 1

abstract

Back 1

language that refers to ideas, conditions, and qualities we cannot directly perceive

Front 2

allegory

Back 2

writing that is a metaphor or people, abstract ideas or events represent something symbolic

Front 3

allusion

Back 3

reference to another piece of literary or societal work, place, event or person

Front 4

analogy

Back 4

extended comparison based on like features of two unlike things (one familiar, one unfamiliar)

Front 5

anecdote

Back 5

a brief narrative or retelling of a story or event

Front 6

apostrophe

Back 6

writer or speaker detaches themselves from reality and indulges in an imaginary idea.

Front 7

appeals

Back 7

resources writers draw on to connect and persuade readers

Front 8

cause/effect

Back 8

writer analyzes reasons for an action, event or decision, or analyzes its consequences

Front 9

chiasmus

Back 9

literary scheme in which the author introduces words or concepts in particular order, then later repeats them in backwards order

Front 10

rational appeal/Logos

Back 10

asks readers to use their intellects and powers of reasoning

Front 11

emotional appeal/pathos

Back 11

respond out of beliefs, values or feelings, inspires, affirms frightens or angers

Front 12

ethical appeal/ethos

Back 12

looks favorably to credibility of author, and stresses intelligence, morality, or fairness

Front 13

Cliche

Back 13

old, trite expression an author employs thoughtlessly

Front 14

comparison/contrast

Back 14

finding similarities and differences of at least 2 things to reveal nature

Front 15

description

Back 15

mode of writing that conveys the evidence of sight, hearing, tough, taste and smell

Front 16

diction

Back 16

authors word choice to portray something (complex, dialect, colloquial)

Front 17

euphemism

Back 17

use of unoffensive language in place of language that is hurtful, distasteful or objectionable

Front 18

evidence

Back 18

factual basis for an argument or explanation

Front 19

exposition

Back 19

mode of prose that explains, informs, instructs, or sets ideas about a subject

Front 20

fallacies

Back 20

errors in reasoning that lead to wrong conclusion (No wonder drug abuse is out of control. Look at how the courts hobble police officers)

Front 21

flashback

Back 21

technique of narrative in which sequence of story is interrupted to recall earlier period

Front 22

hyperbole

Back 22

extreme exaggeration used for a specific effect

Front 23

illustration

Back 23

writer provides instances of the general idea. detail with a purpose.

Front 24

image

Back 24

words/ phrases that evoke a sensory experience

Front 25

irony

Back 25

contrast between stated and what is meant, or difference between what appears to be and what is.

Front 26

verbal irony

Back 26

words state opposite of writer's true meaning

Front 27

situational irony

Back 27

what is expected to happen does not turn out as expected

Front 28

dramatic irony

Back 28

facts/info unknown to character but known to reader

Front 29

jargon

Back 29

special vocab of a profession or language that is vague and meaningless

Front 30

juxtaposition

Back 30

placing two ideas side by side so their closeness creates a new, ironic meaning

Front 31

metaphor

Back 31

to be something else, comparison wout like or as

Front 32

metonymy

Back 32

name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated object (The white house declared vs. the president declared)

Front 33

narrative

Back 33

telling of a story or an account of an event

Front 34

oxymoron

Back 34

combination of contradictory words (jumbo shrimp)

Front 35

pace

Back 35

rate of movement of speech

Front 36

paradox

Back 36

seemingly self-contradictory statement that makes sense on reflection

Front 37

parallelism

Back 37

keeping ideas of equal importance in similar grammatical form

Front 38

personification

Back 38

simile or metaphor that assigns human traits to inanimate objects or abstractions

Front 39

persuasion

Back 39

mode of writing intended to influence people's actions by engaging their beliefs and feelings

Front 40

purpose

Back 40

writers reason to convey a particular thesis to a particular audience

Front 41

repetition

Back 41

repeating of words or phrases

Front 42

rhetorical question

Back 42

question posed with no answer required. provokes thought, emphasizes asserts without saying directly

Front 43

satire

Back 43

form of writing that employs wit to attack folly and bring enlightenment to audience

Front 44

simile

Back 44

direct comparison between two things using like or as

Front 45

slang

Back 45

certain words in highly informal speech or group (blow off, dis, dweeb)

Front 46

strategy

Back 46

whatever means a writer employs to write effectively (narrowing a subject, organizing ideas clearly, transitions)

Front 47

style

Back 47

sum of choices author makes in blending diction, syntax, fig. language (flowery, explicit, rambling, etc)

Front 48

symbol

Back 48

anything that represents or stands for something else

Front 49

classification

Back 49

method of development where a writer sorts out plural things into categories (Kinds of Music- Rock Pop...)

Front 50

syllogism

Back 50

3 step form of reasoning that employs deduction (all men are moral. socrates is a man. socrates is moral)

Front 51

tone

Back 51

writers attitude towards a subject. through word choice, sentence structure and what is said, it can be serious, distant, flippant, angry etc

Front 52

transitions

Back 52

words, phrases or sentences that relate ideas together.

Front 53

understatement

Back 53

creates an ironic or humorous effect. "I accepted the ride. at the moment I didnt feel like walking across the Mojave Desert"

Front 54

synecdoche

Back 54

rhetorical trope focusing on a part of an object representing a whole, or a whole representing a part

Front 55

syntax

Back 55

orderly arrangement of words into sentences to express ideas