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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Bacon's Rebellion.
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*Governor Berkeley levied very high taxes
*1675: 1/3 of Virginians were tenant farmers -experiencing war w/ Susquehannock *Nathaniel Bacon -went to Berkeley to ask if he can attack Indians - Berkeley said no -Bacon defied Berkeley and attacked Indians -marched on Jamestown - forced Berkeley out -Bacon died and Berkeley came back = huge division between poor farmers and planters |
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Define historiography.
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how we interpret historical events
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What are the principles of the Puritan faith?
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1. reading of Bible = good education so lots of literate people (creation of public schooling)
2. Who is Saved? -God's elect (who God chooses) -predestination 3. Sacraments (works) -church membership = reserved for those who have made a demonstration of faith ("visible saints") |
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For Puritans, what were the political benefits of being a church member?
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voting rights
social status |
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What is the significance of the term "City on a Hill?"
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Puritan utopia
-God's refuge |
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Identify John Winthrop.
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*led Puritan migration to Mass. = Great Migration
-received charter from Parliament to Mass. Bay Co. -Massachusetts became self-governing colony -continually reelected until death |
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What was the Mayflower Compact?
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-Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth - did not have charter
-agreement of self-government b/c of no charter |
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Who were the members of the Non-Separating Congregationalists?
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*full members: "visible saints"
*half members: have been baptized; only full members can have children baptized |
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What was the reasoning for the Half-Way Covenant?
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-there are less and less full members b/c half members don't have reason to become visible saints
-so what about the children of half members who can't be baptized? send them to hell? -Half-Way Covenant: granted infant baptism for half-members |
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Who were the promoters?
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"West Country Men"
-zealous English patriots and devout Protestants -yearned to advance their fortunes and consolidate their political influence at the royal court |
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Identify Powhatan.
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led largest and most powerful chiefdom English found along Atlantic seaboard
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Describe the success/failure of Jamestown under John Smith.
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-granted charter from King James
-only 20% of 10,000 that went survived -colonists were very lazy: Smith forced them to do work, but many complained for his departure |
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What was Virginia's main commercial crop?
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tobacco
-profits stimulated flow of emigration to Virginia |
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The Virginia Company soon became deeply in debt and was approaching bankruptcy. What did they do to prevent this?
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*decided to allow colonists to own and work land as their private property
*adopted "head-right system" - gave men who had the money to pay for their own passage across the Atlantic, fifty acres of land *although the tobacco boom did thrive, it was not enough to save the bankrupt Virginia Co. - in 1624, the crown took back control of Virginia as first royal colony |
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More radical Puritans became _______, determined to immediately withdraw into their own independent congregations.
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Separatists
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The first Puritan emigrants consisted of 102 Separatists, called the __________. They crossed the Atlantic in the Mayflower where they founded a town named ___________ on Massachusetts Bay.
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Pilgrims; Plymouth
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Puritans were religiously:
intolerant/tolerant. |
intolerant
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Describe the Pequot War.
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-colonial leaders demanded that Pequot pay heavy tribute, give up their children as hostages, and submit suspects accused of killing a trader
-having been rejected, colonists declared war and pressured Narragansett and Mohegan tribes to help fight Pequot -2 tribes led colonists into Pequot territory & killed hundreds -Narrangansett Miantonomi urged a new idea: Indians share common identity in union against invaders -Indians did not listen and tribes continued allying w/ English |
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What were the praying towns?
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Indians could be kept under close supervision and put under more pressure to change their behavior and appearance
-also (not by coincidence) allowed additional lands to be freed up for colonization and settlements |
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Describe King Philip's War.
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Wampanoag sachem named Metacom = King Philip
-Plymouth colonists provoked war by executing 3 Wampanoag = beginning of bloodiest Indian war in their history *at first, Indians use total war -colonists realize that to beat rebels they needed assistance of Indian allies -Indians ran out of food and ammunition = Indians collapsed -conflict killed about 1/4 of Indian population *last great Indian effort to stop English expansion |
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What were the 3 principles of the Navigation Acts?
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1. Only English ships could trade with any English colony. An English ship was defined as being sailed by a crew at least 3/4 English.
2. The acts specified that a few "enumerated commodities" produced in the colonies could be shipped only to the mother country. 3. All European goods carried to the colonies had to pass through an English port where they paid customs duties. |
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What was the Covenant Chain?
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-between Iroquois and English (New York's governor Edmund Andros)
-allowed the Five Nations to control other native peoples in the northeast -whenever the English needed help against other Indian tribes, they simply gave praise and presents to Five Nations chiefs in order to convince them to fight -Iroquois later discovered that English only respected Covenant Chain when they found it convenient |
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What were the Quaker beliefs?
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*called themselves the Friends of God
-George Fox *met as spiritual equals *sought an "Inner Light" to understand the Bible *against slavery |
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Under the leadership of William Penn, the Quakers supported the idea of national ________ for all Protestant denominations as legal equals.
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tolerance
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Penn spoke of Pennsylvania as a "________".
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holy experiment
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Carolina became the empire's great _____ colony, much like the Chesapeake specialized in tobacco and the West Indies in sugar.
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rice
(indigo later became very valuable as well) |
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Liberty became central to the new idea of _________.
Explain. |
republicanism
-celebrated active participation in public life by economically independent citizens -republicans argued that only citizens who owned property possessed "virtue," defined as the willingness to make the pursuit of public good one's main self-interest |
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Explain "liberalism."
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*evolved from ideas of John Locke
-argued that principles that govern a family are inappropriate for organizing public life -"social contract" - men's natural rights; govt. is established to offer security to protect those rights |
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Explain the policy of salutary neglect.
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assemblies do not regulate trade b/c in this process, they lose money to Royal Navy
-if Royal Navy does not regulate as hard, assemblies will get/keep more money (*if we don't pay for strong enforcement, our debt won't sink deeper) |
