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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Role of J-receptors
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Detect soluble irritants
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What events must occur to produce cough?
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Inhale to TLC
Close glottis Contract expiratory muscles Open glottis Rapid turbulent flow shears off mucous secretions and expels it |
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What does yellow sputum imply? What about green sputum?
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Yellow and green sputum imply WBC presence, but does not imply infection
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How can impairment of cough be achieved?
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Brainstem or high cervical cord lzns
Vocal cord paralysis Phrenic nerve palsy Lower spinal cord lesions Chest wall disorders (kyphoscoliosis) Tracheostomy tubes |
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What is pleuritic chest pain?
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Chest pain worsening with inspiration or movement
Originates from parietal pleura which has pain fiber innervation (visceral pleura and lung parenchyma do not) Can be inflammatory or traumatic; usually well-localized |
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Causes of pleuritic chest pain.
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PE
Pneumonia extending to pleural surface Pneumothorax Viral pleuritis CT dz Drug-induced pleural dz |
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What do crackles sound like?
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Staccato, ~velcro, rubbing hair together
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What do fine crackles indicate?
Causes? |
Secretions in small airways; sound is snapping open (inspiratory) and shut (expiratory) of these airways
Due to: volume loss, atelectasis pulmonary edema pneumonia, ARDS interstitial lung dz |
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What do coarse crackles indicate?
Causes? |
Indicate secretions in large airways
Seen in: pneumonia acute and chronic bronchitis Pulmonary edema bronchiectasis death rattle |
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What do wheezes sound like?
What are they? Causes? |
Continuous, musical sound (unlike staccato of crackles)
Caused by turbulent airflow t hrough narrowed airway Causes: Bronchoconstriction (asthma) Airway edema, collapse Airway scarring (chronic bronchitis, CF) Secretions (Chronic bronchitis, CF, bronchiectasis) More pronounced during exhalation |
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What is stridor?
Causes? |
Wheeze-like noise during inspiration
Due to obstructed upper airway: Eppiglottitis Angioedema Upper airway tumor Foreign body Vocal cord spasm or paralysis |
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What is a pleural friction rub?
Causes? |
Creaky, rasping sounds in phase with breathing (not heartbeat)--like walking on crunchy snow
Due to inflamed pleural surfaces scraping each other: Pneumonia PE Pleuritis |
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What do bronchial breath sounds indicate?
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Turbulent airflow in large central airways transmitted to chest surface by consolidated lung (liquid-filled lung)
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What is whispered pectoriloquy and what does it indicate?
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Whispered phrase audible at chest wall via stethoscope due to enhanced lung sound transmission through CONSOLIDATED LUNG (liquid-filled lung)
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What is egophony and what does it indicate?
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E sounds like A at chest wall
Indicates consolidation |
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What do changes in tactile fremitus indicate?
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If inc'd fremitus-->consolidation
If dec'd fremitus-->pleural effusion |
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Clubbing and Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy indicate ________.
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Lung Ca, Mesothelioma
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Clubbing without Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoartrhopathy indicates _________.
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Chronic infection (bronchiectasis, lung abscess)
Interstitial lung dz |
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What causes cyanosis?
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5g/100mL of deoxyhemoglobin in blood
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How does effusion differ from consolidation on physical exam?
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Effusion: dull, dec'd breath sounds, crackles or egophany; dec'd fremitus
Consolidation: dull, crackles or egophany, whispered pectoriloquy, inc'd fremitus |
