11/22 Test

Front 1

The ________ test is when you expose a PSP, run it, and then erase it. This is used to check for ________ images.

Back 1

Erasure; Ghost

Front 2

The ________ testing is used to evaluate storage conditions for scatter, and prevent cracks and scratches from getting on the PSP.

Back 2

Acceptance

Front 3

The _______ test uses different filtering materials with the same PSP and exposure. They then plot the values and all values should be similar and close.

Back 3

Linearity

Front 4

When there are jerky movements in the image (zig zag), it is called _____ _____. The use a test tool shaped like a __. This can also be caused by a laser moving erratically or plate not moving slowly.

Back 4

laser jitter; T

Front 5

Brightness uniformity (even across image) is tested by using what test?

Back 5

Shading

Front 6

Daily monitoring includes using the ______ Test Pattern on the monitor, warming up the monitor, checking for _____, _______ which makes sure you can see the gray box inside the black and white box, and general appearance.

Back 6

SMPTE; cleanliness; luminance

Front 7

To check for high resolution you would use a resolution grid and demonstrate __________ ___/___.

Back 7

adequate lp/mm

Front 8

To check for distortion, a ______ _____ is used.

Back 8

Wire Mesh

Front 9

In a flat panel detector, the level of noise present with exposure is known as what?

Back 9

Dark Noise

Front 10

In a flat panel detector, plotting the pixel values as a result of exposure and comparing them is known as what?

Back 10

Linearity

Front 11

In a flat panel detector, flat panels can have ghost images when DELS retain electrons after the readout. This is called what?

Back 11

Image Retention Assessment

Front 12

In a flat panel detector, we use the Leads Low Contrast Phantom exposed to different levels of radiation to determine the amount off noise present and level of contrast. What is this checking for?

Back 12

Noise and Low Contrast Resolution

Front 13

The _____ ______ ______ includes a step wedge, pieces of bone like substances, spatial resolution tools, and simulated blood filed tubes.

Back 13

Patient Equivalant Phantom

Front 14

With contrast linearity assessment the average pixel values simulating blood in tubes should ________ ______ and _____ when the iodine content in the tube doubles.

Back 14

remain constant; double

Front 15

Where is radiation exposure measured?

Back 15

at patient's skin, between i.i. and grid.

Front 16

Digital subtraction is used to evaluate ________-.

Back 16

Artifacts

Front 17

Quality ______ test the equipment operation where as quality _______ is an organized examination of all departmental activities in a systematic way.

Back 17

control; assurance

Front 18

Daily control tasks for quality control should include visually inspecting the _________, the _______ test, ________ monitor check, and TG18QC tests.

Back 18

cassette, erasure, SMPTE

Front 19

Monthly quality control tasks involve ______ all plates and _______ them. Performing _____ ____ ____.

Back 19

erasing; cleaning; phantom image testing.

Front 20

Quarterly tests for quality control involve cleaning and inspecting tests, do the ____ tests for resolution, contrast, noise, laser jitter, exposure ____ reliability.

Back 20

phantom; indicator

Front 21

Annual tests for quality control consists of the _____ repeating acceptance testing, track changes, reviewing service reports, reviewing patient exposure records, and then to suggest improvements.

Back 21

Physicists

Front 22

______ ____ _____ and ____ _____ ___ should monitor changes implemented or repairs made for effectiveness.

Back 22

Radiation Safety Committee, Radiation Safety Officer

Front 23

Quality Control are all the activities undertaken to get an indication of what?

Back 23

How well the imaging operation is working.

Front 24

Quality control is the ______ and ongoing effort to collect information about imaging operations.

Back 24

Visual

Front 25

The quality assurance program seeks to get the most ____ performance from both the imaging ____ and the _____.

Back 25

efficient; facility, physician

Front 26

Acceptance testing results in the establishment of __________ performance.

Back 26

Baseline

Front 27

Diagnosis of changes and verification of correction are ______ tests.

Back 27

Ongoing

Front 28

Acceptance testing should be done ____ the imaging device is used for patients. You should perform this with the ____ _____ _____ so that if deficiencies appear, they can be fixed immediately.

Back 28

before; vendor service engineer

Front 29

Acceptance testing is usually the responsibility of the _____ ____.

Back 29

Medical physicist

Front 30

Fluctuations in performance are translate into _____ _____.

Back 30

control limits

Front 31

Quality of any image can be described in forms of _____, ______, ______.

Back 31

contrast; resolution; noise

Front 32

Making sure all the appropriate anatomy is demonstrated is the job of the ___________.

Back 32

Technologist

Front 33

_________ is the availability of the image for use in the diagnosis.

Back 33

Quality

Front 34

The ultimate product of radiology operation is not just the images, but more importantly the ______'s interpretation.

Back 34

Physician

Front 35

A ____ __ is a flowchart of steps involved in performing a DR exam.

Back 35

Process Map

Front 36

The process map demonstrates interrelationships between _____ within the imaging operation.

Back 36

Activities

Front 37

Every radiographic image has associated patient ______ and _______ information. These must match up.

Back 37

Demographic, Examination

Front 38

Demographic data may be store in ______ or ______.

Back 38

HIS, RIS

Front 39

____ can be define as the data that we find in the header of the image.

Back 39

Metadata

Front 40

Disadvantages of manually entering metadata include _________ errors, it is _____-_______, and it may be a ______ entry which can lead to discrepancies.

Back 40

typographic, time-consuming, duplicate

Front 41

Some vendors of cassette based DR systems provide ____ ____ ___ aids like labels.

Back 41

Manual Demographic Association

Front 42

A ____-____ ______ in a CR based system is used as a substitute for the keyboard to reduce typographical errors.

Back 42

Bar-Code Scanner

Front 43

DICOM modality work list (MWL) takes advantage of information that already exists in ___.

Back 43

RIS

Front 44

Limitations of MWL (modality work lists) include a _____ if patient is not scheduled, and confusion if an exam is ordered for one modality but used for another.

Back 44

delay

Front 45

Consequences of incorrect association include _____ or lost images, _______ delayed, image _________ being affected, and ______ error can be complicated.

Back 45

Orphan; Diagnosis; Development; Detection

Front 46

__________ measurements assure systems are properly configured and calibrated and that performance has not been ______.

Back 46

Periodic; Degraded

Front 47

Inadequate erasure, Improper Compensation for non-uniform gain, incorrect gain adjustment, incorrect exposure factor selection and artifiats are all _______ that can be _______.

Back 47

errors; prevented

Front 48

When an image appears to be uneven (brightness in one area and darker in another) this is known as _________ ___.

Back 48

Nonuniform Gain

Front 49

The signal strength in general is termed ____.

Back 49

Gain

Front 50

DR detectors are inherently ______. Calibration for this is known as _____ correction, which is a type of _____ _____ correction.

Back 50

non-uniform; shading; flat field

Front 51

After a maximum of ____ hours all plates must be erased to remove any residual or scatter radiation.

Back 51

8

Front 52

With _________ systems, receptors need to be re-exposed to a uniform field to detect for a presence of _____.

Back 52

Integrate; Debris

Front 53

Correction of uniformity problems improves the ___ and _____ or ______-scale of the image.

Back 53

Contrast; Sharpness; Gray

Front 54

Periodically the ____ ___ should be checked for accuracy.

Back 54

Exposure Indicator

Front 55

Exposures must be _______ each time.

Back 55

Reproducable

Front 56

Every DR image should undergo ________ assessment of the image quality before sending to PACS.

Back 56

Visual

Front 57

The documented tendency for technologists to increase the exposure factor is known as _____ _____ _____.

Back 57

Exposure Factor Creep

Front 58

By tracking ______ ____, there is an advantage of being able to control the exposure factor creep.

Back 58

Exposure Indicators

Front 59

Appearance at the quality control workstation should match the appearance at the _________'s PACS workstation.

Back 59

Physician

Front 60

DICOM Gray Scale Display Function (GSDF) helps to _____ appearance of image on different displaces, and _____ the perception of contrast. This is a function of the monitor and part of _____________.

Back 60

match; equalize, pre-processing

Front 61

When a raw image is rescaled into a "good" image it is called gray scale ______.

Back 61

Rendition

Front 62

If values are not close to each other when plotted on a graph for the linearity test, the problem would be in the __________.

Back 62

Generator

Front 63

If there is resulting zig zags in the image when performing the jitter test, the problem could be in the _______ or the plate __________.

Back 63

Laser; Movement

Front 64

Errors in delivery of the image can be _________ is interrupted, can be ________ from local cache, or can arrive safely but without ________ ________.

Back 64

Transmission; Deleted; Critical Information

Front 65

Who makes up the quality control team?

Back 65

Radiologist, Administrator, Lead Tech, Engineer, Medical Imaging Specialist, physicist

Front 66

Who mandates the quality control in the US for mammography?

Back 66

Federal Government

Front 67

What act are the standards for mammography listed under?

Back 67

Mammography Quality and Standard Act (MQSA)

Front 68

What year was the radiation control for health and safety act created?

Back 68

1968

Front 69

What year was the consumer patient radiation health and safety act created?

Back 69

1981

Front 70

What year was the safe medical devices act created?

Back 70

1990

Front 71

What year was the mammography quality standards act created?

Back 71

1992

Front 72

HIPPA was created in ____. It sets standards for electronic record _____, electron formats for _____ keeping, electronic ____ and codes, and requirements for confidentiality and privacy rules.

Back 72

1996; security, record, identifiers

Front 73

HIPPA is enforced by who?

Back 73

Center for Device and Radiological Health (CDRH) and Joint Commission

Front 74

HIPPA establishes ______ standards, assesses them, and provides ______ that individual facilities have met quality standards.

Back 74

quality; certification

Front 75

QA is an evolutionary process that provides ____ images and ______.

Back 75

quality; service

Front 76

Tests for the processor monitor include ______ test and processor _______. They monitor speed, contrast, and base fog of film.

Back 76

Safelight; Sensitometry

Front 77

Name three types of focal spot test tools.

Back 77

Line Pair Resolution Tools

Star Test Patterns

Pinhole Cameras

Front 78

____-_____ _____ is measured by using dosimetry equipment to determine amount of filtration that will reduce beam intensity to one-half its original value.

Back 78

Half-Value Layer

Front 79

_______ ______ is computer hardware and software that facilitates the display of digital images for review and diagnosis.

Back 79

Analysis Workstation

Front 80

_______ _______ ______ ____ is a system integrator that provide all PACS services to the client, including IT.

Back 80

Application service provider model

Front 81

________ is the computer network data transfer rate.

Back 81

Bandwidth

Front 82

______ links the LANS to create an extended LAN.

Back 82

Bridge

Front 83

______ ______ is the procedure for transferring info through a computer network in order for the parts of the network to communicate.

Back 83

Communication Protocol

Front 84

_______ _______ is the ratio between computer storage required to save a image and that of the compressed data of that image. Must be 8:1 or less.

Back 84

Compression Ratio

Front 85

______ ________ is interconnected computers that allow transfer of information through various forms of communication protocols.

Back 85

Computer Network

Front 86

______ ______ is used by the technologist and physicians other than the radiologist.

Back 86

Desktop Workstation

Front 87

_______ _____ and _______ in _______ (DICOM) is the data exchange standard that integrates information systems such as RIS and HIS.

Back 87

Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine

Front 88

DICOM ______ statements are specifications for successful implementation of the DICOM data exchange standard.

Back 88

Conformance

Front 89

DICOM _____ are data transferred between info systems, such as CR data, MRI, US ...

Back 89

Objects

Front 90

DICOM _______ ___ is the type of function the DICOM is providing, such as transfer and storage of images.

Back 90

Service Class

Front 91

_______ _______ ______ (DLT) is magnetic tape used for long term storage of images about 1.5" in thickness.

Back 91

Digital Linear Tape

Front 92

__________ workstation is a PACS environment that uses system-to-user interface.

Back 92

Display

Front 93

_________-_____ Image Distribution is dissemination of diagnostic reports throughout hospital systems eliminating the need for physicians to go to the radiology department to view films and read reports.

Back 93

Enterprise-Wise

Front 94

_________ workstation is a system-to-user interface that provides the means for imaging printing.

Back 94

Hardcopy

Front 95

_____ ____ and ______ and ______ ACT (HIPPA) is the US healthcare reform law passed in 1996 in order to protect patient's health information and privacy.

Back 95

Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability

Front 96

A radiologist uses a ____ ___ display workstation for primary diagnosis.

Back 96

High resolution

Front 97

______ _____-__ is a data exchange standard that integrates hospital information systems such as RIS and HIS.

Back 97

Health Level-7

Front 98

All information related to image acquisition including matrix size, inherent spatial resolution, bit depth, # of slices, study sizes, and the overall image quality is know as _______ ______ set.

Back 98

Image Data

Front 99

Computer based systems that process raw data to produce info in a useable form that can be used for various purposes such as problem solving and diagnosis are called _______ ____.

Back 99

Information Systems

Front 100

Computer and info technology to produce, manipulate, store, communication and disseminate information is _________ technology.

Back 100

Information

Front 101

______ the healthcare enterprise (IHE) is a standards based initiative of the radiological society of north America and the healthcare info and management system society that provides a technical framework to facilitate communications between many computer base healthcare info systems.

Back 101

Integrating

Front 102

WAN that uses TCP/IP to connect computers globally is ______.

Back 102

Internet

Front 103

LAN that uses TCP/IP to connect computers within an organization is _____.

Back 103

Intranet

Front 104

Joint photographic experts group (JPEG) is a ________ to compress images.

Back 104

Software

Front 105

A device that connects individuals nodes is called a ?

Back 105

Link

Front 106

Network that connects computers locally across short distances is known as a ____.

Back 106

LAN

Front 107

___-____ _____ is used with archiving radiology information and digital images - in PACS this includes magnetic disks and tapes, and optical disk.

Back 107

Long-Term Storage

Front 108

Reversible compression where no information is lost is called ?

Back 108

Lossless Compression

Front 109

Irreversible compression where info is lost is called?

Back 109

Lossy Compression

Front 110

A medium resolution display workstation is ideal for _________ diagnosis by radiologist.

Back 110

secondary

Front 111

Archived patient information and images stored primarily for short term usage and immediately accessible for review such as in an automated library system is called ________ storage.

Back 111

Nearline

Front 112

A ______ protocol is for networking procedures that use be executed by hard/software to transfer info between computers.

Back 112

Network

Front 113

Procedures that safeguard confidential information that can be accessed by an unauthorized user during data transfer (like a firewall) is a type of _______ _______.

Back 113

Network Security

Front 114

Computer connected via a single cable to a LAN or WAN is called a ____.

Back 114

Node

Front 115

Long term archiving of info and images on storage devices that must be retrieved by an individual and loaded into a drive to access the image is a an _________ storage.

Back 115

Offline

Front 116

Short term storage in which images are available for immediate viewing is _______ storage.

Back 116

Online

Front 117

Individual trained in the use of computers and communication technologies is a ______ administrator.

Back 117

PACS

Front 118

PACS model in which the manufacturer and client work together to ensure optimal performance and integrity of the system through personal training, system upgrading, and general system maintenance is a ______ model.

Back 118

Partnership