11-2: 12/8: Pathology Of Pulmonary Infections

Front 1

Pulmonary Infection:
Routes

Back 1

Inhalation
Aspiration (mouth flora)
Hematogenous

Infection results when virulence of organism overwhelms defense mechanisms; immunocompetence matters!

Some organisms virulent and overwhelm healthy patients (B. anthracis, Y. pestis--anthrax and plague respectively)

Front 2

Bacterial pattern of infection

Back 2

Exudation
Interstitial and intra-alveolar

Front 3

Viral pattern of infection

Back 3

Interstitial

Front 4

Fungi and mycobacterial pattern of infection

Back 4

Granulomatous in those capable of mounting a granulomatous response

Front 5

Bronchopneumonia:
Lung regions affected
Populations affected

Back 5

Inflammation from bronchi and bronchioles into surrounding parenchyma

Affects those in extremes of ages (elderly and premies)--susceptible to agents of low virulence such as coag neg staph

Front 6

When does gray hepatization occur in pneumonia?

Back 6

4-8 days after onset

Front 7

When does congestion subside in pneumonia?

Back 7

During gray hepatization; fibrin and poly fill alveoli

Front 8

Which pneumonias result in abscess?

Back 8

Type 3 pneumococci, Klebsiella

Front 9

What are the 3 complications of pneumonia?

Back 9

Pleuritis--empyema if pus present

Organization--scar formation (scars can fill alveoli--bad!)

Septicemia

Front 10

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia.

Back 10

Strep pneumo

Sometimes assocd w/septicemia with or without meningitis

Front 11

This cause of pneumonia follow a viral respiratory infection, especially in children.

Back 11

H. influenzae

Also commonly causes acute exacerbation of COPD

Front 12

This cause of pneumonia is a common cause of otitis media in children.

Back 12

Moraxella catarrhalis

Also exacerbates COPD

Front 13

This cause of pneumonia can complicate measles or influenza at any age.

Back 13

Staph aureus

Front 14

This cause of pneumonia results in necrotizing pneumonia in alcoholics.

Back 14

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Lesions show necrosis, inflammation, and hemorrhage

Front 15

This cause of pneumonia results in a gelatinous sputum described as "currant jelly".

Back 15

Klebsiells pneumoniae

Front 16

This cause of pneumonia is a frequent cause of nosocomial pneumonia.

Back 16

Pseudomonas--exhibits necrosis

Front 17

This cause of pneumonia is associated with cystic fibrosis.

Back 17

Pseudomonas

Front 18

How do viral and mycoplasma pneumonia differ histologically from bacterial pneumonia?

Back 18

Interstitial presence of lymphocytes (not alveolar presence of nphils(?))

Front 19

Acute Aspiration Pneumonia:
Populations Affected
Effects/Pathophysiology

Back 19

Affects debilitates patients that aspirate gastric contents

Forms necrotizing pneumonitis: partially chemical due to gastric fluid, partially bacterial due to roal flora

Survivors likely to have lung abscess

Front 20

Pneumocystis jiroveci is closely correlated with _________.

Back 20

Reduced CD4 count (AIDS)

Front 21

This cause of pneumonia can be isolated from stored water.

Back 21

Legionella pneumophila

Front 22

Lung abscesses are more likely to occur on the ________.

Back 22

Right lung when secondary to aspiration