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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systemic hypertension
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Persistent elevation of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the systemic arteries.
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Normal blood pressure range
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<120/<80
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Prehypertension range
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120-139/80-89
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Stage 1 hypertension range
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140-159/90-99
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Stage 2 hypertension range
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>=160/>=100
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Labile hypertension
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Intermittently-elevated pressures
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Causes of primary hypertension
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Idiopathic (unknown)
70-80% of all cases |
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Causes of secondary hypertension
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Renal disease - Renal parenchymal disease, renal artery disease
Endocrine disease - Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Adrenal disease Coarctation of the aorta - hypertension in lower extremities, hypoperfusion of lower extremities Pregnancy Acute Stress |
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Causes of systolic hypertension
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Rigidity and dilation of the aorta
Increased cardiac output |
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Percentage of hypertensive patients that are asymptomatic.
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90%
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Symptoms of systemic hypertension
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Headache
Nosebleed Tinnitus syncope Dizziness |
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Two stages of hypertension (not 1 & 2)
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Malignant & Benign
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Benign nephrosclerosis and associated changes
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Changes that occur in the kidney in the benign phase.
Medial hypertrophy Proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells Increase in elastic tissue. |
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Hallmark of benign nephrosclerosis
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Hyalinization of arterioles and small arteries, seen in other organs beyond kidneys
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Identify and associated hypertensive stage.
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Medial hypertrophy - benign hypertrophy
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Identify and associated hypertensive stage.
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Proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells - benign hypertrophy
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Identify and associated hypertensive stage.
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Hyalinization of Arterioles - benign hypertrophy
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Identify and associated hypertensive stage.
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Hyperplastic Arteriolitis/proliferative endartitis (aka "Onion Skin" lesion) - malignant hypertrophy
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Identify and associated hypertensive stage.
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Fibrinoid Necrosis - malignant hypertrophy
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Identify and associated hypertensive stage.
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Necrotizing Arteritis - malignant hypertrophy
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Malignant hypertension and associated changes.
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Severe hypertension which increases rapidly in severity.
"Flea-bitten" kidney Progression of benign nephrosclerosis. "Onion skin" lesions - proliferative enderateritis glomoid or plexiform lesions |
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Effects of malignant hypertension on the heart
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Left ventricular hypertrophy
(Eventually) right ventricular hypertrophy (Ultimately) heart cannot compensate --> heart failure. |
