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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shen Yue 沈約
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-5th century historian of the Liang
-wrote the Book of Song -prominent writer who played a role in the formation of the new cultural elite in the 5th/6th century -appraised many poets during this time |
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Ren Fang 任昉
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-prominent poet in the 5th century
-literary leader in the Liang -led a core group of writers referred to by the The History of the Liang as those who had passed the Dragon Gate |
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Liu Xiaochuo 劉孝綽
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-(481-539)
-one of the best Liang court poets -his family clan boasted great male/female writers -representative of various family webs of writers striving to define themselves using cultural power |
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Xiao Yi 蕭繹/Emperor Yuan 梁元帝
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-6th century
-son of Liang Wudi -avid book collector -wrote The Master of the Golden Tower (Jinlouzi 金樓子), the first account that describes how he had assembled his book collection |
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The Master of the Golden Tower (Jinlouzi 金樓子)
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-produced by avid book collector son of Liang Wudi, Liang Yuandi, detailing how he assembled his own book collection - such accounts are common in late imperial China, but Xiao Yi's (Emperor Liang Yuandi) is the first we have
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Ruan Xiaoxu 阮孝緒
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-(479-536)
-produced most extensive catalogue (the Seven Records) up to his time, of the imperial book collection -relative of the Liang royal family |
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Seven Records (Qi lu 七錄)
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-largest catalogue of the imperial book collection during his time, tried to catalogue everything in the Liang empire
-produced by Ruan Xiaoxu |
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Expansion of the Propagation of the Light (Guang hongming ji 廣弘明集)
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-7th century Buddhist anthology, famous because it contains the preface to Ruan Xiaoxu's famous "Seven Records" catalog
- compiled by Daoxuan 道宣 (596-667) |
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Differentiated Manifestations of Sūtras and Laws (Jinglü yixiang 經律異相)
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-commissioned by Emperor Liang Wudi in 516
-earliest extant Buddhist encyclopedia |
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Xiao Gang 蕭綱/Emperor Jianwen 簡文帝
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-Emperor Wu's third son, 6th century
-organized people to compile another Buddhist encylcopedic text, the "Joined Jade-disks from the Treasures of Dharma" |
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Selections of Refined Literature (Wen xuan 文選)
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-important literary anthology, arranged generically, under the auspices of Xiao Tong
-earliest extant literary anthology intended for elite readers |
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Xiao Tong 蕭統
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-6th century, eldest son of Emperor Liang Wudi
-compiled the Wenxuan |
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New Songs of the Jade Terrace (Yutai xinyong 玉臺新詠)
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-anthology of poetry primarily in the five-syllable line, compiled by the famous court poet Xu Ling 徐陵
-represents contemporary writers rather fully -intended for elite female readership, specifically palace ladies |
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Xu Ling 徐陵
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-6th century Liang court poet, compiled New Songs of the Jade Terrace (Yutai xinyong 玉臺新詠)
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The Propagation of the Light (Hongming ji 弘明集)
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-important Liang compilation of Buddhist writings from Eastern Han to the Liang, compiled by Buddhist monk Sengyou 僧祐
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Latter Collection of the Jade Terrace (Yutai houji 玉臺後集)
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-a later collection of poems by Li Kangcheng in the 8th century -- some poems from this collection may have made it into the "New Songs of the Jade Terrace", thereby complicating its textual history
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Liu Lingxian 劉令嫻
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-most famous woman writer of the Liang (6th century), sister of Liu Xiaochuo
-poems are still extant |
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Literary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon (Wenxin diaolong 文心雕龍)
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-important 6th century Liang work of literary cricism by Liu Xie
-the first systematic work of literary criticism in Chinese literature -discussed literary genres, argued that literature was an extension of the Confucian Classics |
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Gradations of Poets 詩品
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-6th century work of poetic criticism, written by Zhong Rong
-three sections, ranking 122 poets on three levels based on their 5-syllable line poetry -points out a poet's literary ancestry or lineage as well |
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History of the Southern Qi (Nan Qi shu 南齊書)
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-written by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯
-History of the Southern Qi official history -can find other brief works of literary criticism (such as "Biographies of Literary Men") |
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“Letter to Prince of Xiangdong” 與湘東王書"
[no asterisk] |
-includes discussion on literature and poetry, written in the 6th century
-a letter by Xiao Gang to his brother, Xiao Yi |
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Pei Ziye 裴子野
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-(469-530)
-Liang historian and writer of the 6th century -classified as the chief advocate of the "traditionalist school" along with Emperor Liang Wudi -wrote the treatise “On Carving Insects” (Diaochong lun 雕蟲論), which is normally understood as attacking the “avant-garde” school’s Liang literature but was probably composed during Liu-Song period |
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Xiao Tong 蕭統
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-classified as leading the "compromise school" (representative anthology: Wenxuan)
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Xiao Gang 蕭綱 and Xiao Yi 蕭繹
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-younger brothers of Xiao Tong
-considered part of the "avant-garde school" - the representative anthology is "Songs of the Jade Terrace" |
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“Palace Style” 宮體
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-another name for the "avant garde" school category of the Liang literary world
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Diaochong lun 雕蟲論
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-"On Carving Insects", a treatise by Pei Ziye, 6th century Liang historian and writer
-commonly regarded as a "conservative" manifesto attacking contemporary literary practice of the "avant-garde school" |
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“Palace Style poetry” (gongti shi 宮體詩*)
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-first used to characterize the style (ti) not the content of the poetry written by Xiao Gang and his courtiers after 531
-palace refers to "Eastern Palace" -imaginative and innovative poetry with broad subject matter -best defined as poetry produced against a Buddhist background and influenced by Buddhist teachings -very visual poetry, with acts of uncovering and unconcealment |
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Xu Chi 徐摛
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-(471-551)
-key member of the Xiao Gang literary salon; mentor to Xiao Gang -credited as the originator of the Palace Style of poetry |
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Yu Xin 庾信
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-(513-581)
-major poet of the Southern Dynasties -influential in the Palace Style -Wrote “The Lament for the South” (Ai Jiangnan fu 哀江南賦) |
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“the Xu-Yu Style” 徐庾體
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-another term for the "Palace Style", named this way because of the influence Xu Chi and Yu Xin had on the formation of the Style
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Tao Hongjing 陶弘景
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-(456?-536)
-famous Taoist recluse who was on close terms with the Liang royal family -reportedly edited records left by his disciple, Zhou Ziliang, about Zhou's encounters with Taoist immortals into a volume entitled: "Accounts of Mr. Zhou's Communication with Mysterious" (Zhoushi mingtong ji 周氏冥通記) |
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Huijiao 慧皎
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-(497-554)
-monk -wrote Biographies of Eminent Monks (Gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳) -incorporates biographies of over 250 monks between 1st-6th centuries in both North and South |
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Biographies of Eminent Monks (Gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳)
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-written in 6th century by Buddhist monk Huijiao
-biographies of 250 monks in North/South from 1st to 6th centuries |
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Biographies of Buddhist Nuns (Biqiuni zhuan 比丘尼傳)
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-compiled in 6th century by Baochang - records life of 65 nuns from the time when monasticism for women was first established in China in 357 to Baochang's own time
-monasteries allowed women to also pursue intellectual interests -show the Liang impulse to organize knowledge and present an orderly account of the cultural past |
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A Collection of the Records of the Translated Tripitaka (Chu sanzang ji ji 出三藏記集)
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-great work intended as record of all translated Buddhist scriptures in the course of 500 years
-compiled by Buddhist monk Sengyou during the Liang |
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Hou Jing 侯景
[no asterisk] |
-6th century figure, rebelled in mid-6th century
-Northern general who defected to Liang -seized Jiankang after a bloody five-month seige -later defeated by Xiao Yi, but his rebellion (known as the Hou Jing Rebellion) caused massive devastation and destroyed the old social order |
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Yan Zhitui 顏之推
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-(ca. 531–591)
-taken to North after the fall of Jiangling -. Wrote “Fu on Contemplating My Life” (Guan wo sheng fu 觀我生賦) (account of life in chaotic age) - wrote The Account of Wronged Souls (Yuanhun zhi 冤魂志) (illustrating Buddhist principle of retribution); -most famous work is Family Instructions to the Yan Clan (Yanshi jiaxun 顏氏家訓*) |
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Family Instructions to the Yan Clan (Yanshi jiaxun 顏氏家訓)
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-written by Yan Zhitui in the 6th century
-laid out rules of conduct and philosophy of life for his sons -a survival guide written from the viewpoint of an "average" Southern Dynasties courtier |
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Yu Xin 庾信
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-(513-581)
-member of Xiao Gang's circle; one of the finest classical Chinese poets who influenced Northern literature -poetry laments the loss of the South and the way of life -wrote "The Lament for the South," one of the most famous fu of the period |
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“The Lament for the South” (Ai Jiangnan fu 哀江南賦)
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-one of the last grand fu of the S. Dynasties
-laments not only the physical loss of South but the entire way of life -written by Yu Xin, 6th century poet |
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Chen Shubao 陳叔寶
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-(553-604)
-the last Chen emperor and center of the Chen literary landscape -avid poetry levels and gathered poet-courtiers around him |
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Jiang Zong 江總
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-(519-594)
-6th century writer that was gathered at court by Chen Shubao, the last Chen emperor -wrote elegant formal poetry under imperial command |
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Yin Keng 陰鏗
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-(fl. 540s-560s)
-poet of special note in the Chen, 6th century -poetry contains memorable images and well-crafted lines -not many poems survive, some examples include: Ascending a Tower and Gazing Toward my Homeland 登樓望鄉 |
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Emperor Xiaowen 孝文
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-(467-499)
-important leader of the Northern Wei court who launched a massive sinicization campaign in the 490s, much to the dismay of the Xianbei nobles |
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Yang Guang 楊廣
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-Emperor Sui Yangdi
-reigned in early 7th century -married to a Liang princess and fascinated with the sophisticated culture of the South -showed high regard to Southern writers -Sui dynasty crumbled under his rule |
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Li Yanshou 李延壽
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-early Tang historian, wrote The Southern Histories (Nan shi 南史) and The Northern Histories (Bei shi 北史)
-preface to the "Biographies of Men of Letters" that he wrote in The Southern Histories is 1/10 the length of the one he wrote for "The Northern Histories", indicating that more significance was put on the Northern literary scene in the early Tang -his dates are not clear, 7th century |
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“Three Talents of the North” 北地三才
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-most famous Northern writers of the 6th century, including Wen Zisheng, Xing Shao, and Wei Shou
-heavily influenced by Liang court style |
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History of the Wei (Wei shu 魏書)
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-compiled in the 6th century by Wei Shou, a Northerner poet
-contains important and rare Northern Wei poetry |
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Classified Extracts of Literature (Yiwen leiju 藝文類
聚) |
-presented to the Tang throne in the early 7th century
-shows bias for Southern writers -contains more than 900 selections from Liang poetry but only 4 from Northern Wei poetry -important source for pre-Tang literary writings |
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Grove of Texts from the Literature Office 文館詞林
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-another important anthology of pre-Tang literature, completed in the mid 7th century
-also shows a large bias in favor of Southern writers at the expense of Northern writings -Xu Jingzong 許敬宗 (592-672)- |
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“dynastic language” (guoyu 國語)
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-Xianbei language spoken among the Xianbei elite and army throughout the Wei/Qi/Zhou
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“The Dai Songs of Immortal Beings” (Zhenren daige 真人代歌)
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-Wei court musucians composed these songs in the beginning of Wei rule in the Xianbei language, about the founding of the dynasty and the Wei rulers'/ministers' accomplishments
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Song of Chile 敕勒歌
[no asterisk] |
-a rare Xianbei song that was translated into Chinese, dating from the 6th century
-preserved in the 12th century "Collection of Yuefu Poetry", sung by a Xianbei general and Gao Huan, father of the first Qi emperor, in 546 |
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Gao Yun 高允 (390-487)
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-5th century Northern Wei writer who wrote "Fu on the Deer Park", commissioned by Emperor Xianwen
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Cui Hao 崔浩 (380-450)
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-talented Northerner writer from the 5th century
-became trusted advisor to the emperor in the Wei -supervised compilation of the dynastic history of Wei -he and his literary circle executed in 450 after complaints by the Xianbei nobles that his writing of the dynastic history was "not decorous" |
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Yang Xiuzhi 陽休之
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-(509-582)
-served Wei/Qi/Zhou/Sui -famous Northern poet and fu writer - authored a book on rhymes -produced an important preface on Tao Yuanming's literary collection |
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Li Daoyuan 酈道元
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-Northern Wei writer from early 6th century, wrote "Commentary on the Classic of Rivers" - the Classic of Rivers being a geographical treatise from the 1st/2nd century
-great landscape prose writer |
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Commentary on the Classic of Rivers (Shuijing zhu 水經注)
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-written by Li Daoyuan around 6th century in Northern Wei
-commentary utilized more than 300 earlier sources |
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the Grove of Literature Office (Wenlin guan 文林館)
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-established in 6th century by the Northern Qi emperor Gao Wei, who was fond of literature
-around 50 North./South. writers served in the office, contributing to the compilation of a literary encyclopedia, the The Imperial Reader of the Hall of Cultivating Literature (Xiuwendian yulan 修文殿御覽) |
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The Imperial Reader of the Hall of Cultivating Literature (Xiuwendian yulan 修文殿御覽).
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-literary encyclopedia compiled by the 50 some Northern/Southern writers in the Northern Qi's "Grove of Literature Office"
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Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之
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-6th century Northern writer, wrote the "Record of Luoyang Monasteries" (Luoyang qielan ji 洛陽伽藍記)
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"Record of Luoyang Monasteries" (Luoyang qielan ji 洛陽伽藍記)
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-written by Yang Xuanzhi, 6th century Northern official who served Wei
-account of once-splendid Buddhist temples in Luoyang; a lament of the downfall of the former Wei capital |
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Qieyun 切韻
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-important rhyme dictionary produced by a group of Northern and Southern scholars who gathered at Lu Fayan's 陸法言 house in the 6th century, compiled/edited by Lu Fayan
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Xue Daoheng 薛道衡
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-(540-609)
-famous Northern Qi poet of the 6th century -wrote poems that have a sense of loss and alienation due to falling states during that time |
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Emperor Taizong of the Tang 唐太宗
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-2nd emperor of the Tang, 7th century
-competent poet, interested in Southern literature -but more interested in incorporating Southern sophistication into political agenda -inaugurated Office of Literature and Office of Extending Literature -placed emphasis on compilation of dynastic histories |
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The History of the Jin (Jin shu 晉書)
[no asterisk] |
-compiled in the 7th century under the direction of Emperor Tang Taizong
-Tang Taizong himself wrote "the historian's comments" for 4 of the biographies - reflects the emperor's interest in cultural politics |
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Shangguan Yi 上官儀
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-(607?-664)
-Northern writer who was a literary courtier in the court of Tang Taizong -grandfather Shangguan Wan’er 上官婉兒 was going to become the arbiter of literary taste in the next generation |
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Shangguan Wan’er 上官婉兒
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-grand daughter of Shangguan Yi
-arbiter of literary taste in the next generation -7th century -poet, writer, politician, one of the most famous women in Chinese history -imperial consort to Emperor Zhongzong -served as Wu Zetian's secretary |
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Yu Shinan 虞世南
[no asterisk] |
-(558-638)
-Southern writer and literary courtier at Tang Taizong's court -compiler of the encyclopedia Extracts from Books in the Northern Hall (Beitang shuchao 北堂書鈔) |
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Extracts from Books in the Northern Hall (Beitang shuchao 北堂書鈔)
[no asterisk] |
-compiled by Yu Shinan in the late 6th century/early 7th when he was serving the Sui
-encyclopedia text |
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Wang Ji 王績
[not asterisked] |
-(ca. 590-644)
-did not belong to the court group of Tang Taizong and wrote poetry free from court rhetoric -cultivates image of himself as an eccentric, modeling himself on individuals such as Tao Yuanming -one of the best known early Tang poets -poetry is also quite modern in the sense that his quatrain forms are removed from the world of Tao Qian |
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Sengyou 僧祐
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-(445-518), Buddhist monk
-wrote The Propagation of the Light (Hongming ji 弘明集) - wrote A Collection of the Records of the Translated Tripitaka (Chu sanzang ji ji 出三藏記集) |
