10.6 - Upper Extremity Joints

Front 1

3 types of joints

Back 1

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

Front 2

synovial joint

Back 2

outer fibrous layer lined by a 
serous synovial membrane
spanning and enclosing an articular cavity 

Front 3

joint cavity

Back 3

cavity containing small amount of lubricating synovial fluid, secreted by the synovial membrane 

Front 4

most common kind of joint

Back 4

synovial

Front 5

movement in synovial joints

Back 5

free movement (joints of locomation)

Front 6

accessory ligaments on synovial joints

Back 6

can be separate (extrinsic) or thickening of part of the joint capsule (intrinsic)

reinforce the joint

Front 7

what if 2 articulating joints are incongruous?

Back 7

fibrocartilaginous articular discs or meniscus

Front 8

6 types of synovial joints

Back 8

o Plane 
o Hinge 
o Saddle 
o Condyloid 
o Ball and socket 
o Pivot 

Front 9

fibrous joints

Back 9

Articulating bones are united by fibrous tissue 

Front 10

movement in fibrous joints

Back 10

depends on length of the fibers uniting the articulating bones (e.g., sutures of cranium, dentoalveolar socket, 
interosseous membrane between ulna and radius) 

Front 11

cartilaginous joints

Back 11

Articulating structures are united by: hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage 

Front 12

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Back 12

primary (synchondroses): bones are united by hyaline cartilage  - usually temporary unions that permit growth (ie. development of long bone)

secondary (sympheses) - strong, slightly movable joints united by fibrocartilage

Front 13

pectoral girdle bones and joints (say type)

Back 13

bones: manubrium of sternum, clavicle, scapula

joints: sternoclavicular (saddle), acromioclavicular, glenohumeral

Front 14

Saddle joints

Back 14

permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction - (circumduction)

biaxial joints - movement in 2 planes

ex. carpometacarpal joint (CM) at the base of thumb