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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 first aid rules |
1. Examine for skull, neck, spine fractures 2. Expose patient, respect modesty, do not allow to become chilled 3. Avoid touching open wounds or burns |
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Class I TACTICAL |
Minor injuries that can be treated outpatient, can be returned to duty quickly |
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Class II TACTICAL |
Injuries requiring immediate life sustaining measures or are of a moderate nature. Require initial minimum amount of time, personnel, and supplies |
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Class III TACTICAL |
Definitive treatment can be delayed without loss of life or limb. |
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Class IV TACTICAL |
Wounds or injuries would require extensive treatment beyond the immediate medical capabilities. Treatment of these casualties would be detrimental to others |
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Priority I NONTACTICAL |
Correctable life threatening illness or injury. I.e: respiratory arrest or obstruction, open chest or abdominal wounds, femur fractures, critical burns |
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Priority II NONTACTICAL |
Serious but not life threatening illnesses or injuries Moderate blood loss, open fractures, eye injuries |
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Priority III NONTACTICAL |
Minor injuries Soft tissue injuries, simple fractures, minor burns |
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Priority IV |
Dead or fatally injured. Exposed brain matter, decapitation, and incineration |
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Primary survey |
Rapid initial assessment Identifies life threatening conditions that require immediate care Status decision and triage |
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Secondary survey |
Head to toe assessment Subjective and Objective exam Vitals |
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A |
Airway |
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Breathing |
Assess breathing Deliver rescue breaths if needed |
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Circulation |
Assess circulation, administer CPR, check for profuse bleeding Treat for shock |
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Disability |
Check for head, neck, spine injuries, place C collar Assessment of patients ability to move all extremities |
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Expose |
Remove clothing to reveal and examine any life threatening injuries |
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Signs of shock |
Restlessness Rapid, labored breathing Glassy eyes, dilated pupils Cool clammy skin Dropping temperature Repaid weak pulse Low Blood pressure |
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Pressure dressing |
The best way to control bleeding |
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Pressure points |
Apply pressure to the artery over the bone with heel of hand 11 pressure points on each side of the body Tiring process |
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Head wounds |
Never give meds Have the pt lie flat Back of head injured lie pt on side Watch for vomiting |
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Facial wounds |
Maintain airway Eye injury cover both eyes |
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Chest wounds |
Seal the chest wound, tape in place, and secure it with a pressure dressing Administer oxygen, transport |
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Abdominal wound |
Immediately transport Supine position with knees up Wrap intestines in sterile dressing moistened with sterile water |
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Open fracture |
Fracture that includes an open wound or skin |
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Closed fracture |
Fracture that is entirely internal |
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Thigh fracture |
Splint in 5 places Below the armpit Around the pelvis Below the hip Over the knee Around the ankle |
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Lower leg fracture |
Splint on three sides On each side of the leg and underneath Use a pillow and 2 splints |
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Clavicle fracture |
Apply sling and splint |
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Rib fracture |
Keep the comfortable and quiet Strap arm to the chest to limit motion Use wide adhesive bandages to secure the arm to the best |
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1st degree burn |
Epidermal layer is irritated, reddened, sensitive to touch or blanched Pain mild to severe Heals within a week |
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2nd degree burn |
Epidermis to dermis Epidermal blustering, mottled skin, edema and red base Heals in 2-3 weeks |
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3rd degree burn |
Full thickness, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, to bone Tissues and nerves are destroyed Pain to surrounding tissue only Tissue color from white to black Skin grafts may be necessary |
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Burn treatment |
ABCs Treat for shock Remove constricting articles of clothing Protect burn area Burns over 20 BSA: IV fluids LR Aspirin, cool compresses, water immersion Morphine or Demerol injections |
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Heat cramps |
Excessive sweating and muscle cramps Early sign of heat exhaustion Move to cool place, drink cool water, add 1 tsp of salt to a quart |
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Heat Exhaustion |
S/S: Weakness, nausea, LOA, HA Rapid shallow breathing Dilated pupils Low temp Cool moist clammy skin Weak pulse Normal BP Treat for shock, move to AC Loosen clothing apply cold compresses |
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Heat stroke |
20% mortality rate Body is unable to eliminate excessive body heat build up while exercising If body temp rises to high the brain, kidneys, and liver may be permanently damaged S/S: HA, N, dizziness, weakness Deep rapid, shallow breathing Pin point pupils constricted Flushed very hot skin Temp: 105 or higher Pulse: fast and strong Tx: douse in cold water apply cold compresses to hot spots until temp is 102, reassess temp every 10 minutes, transport IV fluids administered |
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Hypothermia |
Cooling of the body caused by low temperatures S/S: shivering Drowsiness, unconsciousness Glassy stare Skin susceptible to freezing Temp death results below 80° Pulse weak or absent Slow shallow breathing Tx: Monitor during rewarming and assess cpr if needed Remove wet frozen clothing Immersion tub from 100°-105° Warm trunk then extremities Transport |
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Immersion foot |
Prolonged exposure to wet cold temps from just above freezing to 50° Limited motion of extremities and water soaked protective clothing Tingling numbness, swelling of the legs, feet or hands, blue discoloration, gangrene Tx: get victim off of feet Remove wet shoes, socks Expose area to warm dry air Do not rupture blisters Transport |
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Frostbite |
Occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissues after being exposed to temps 32° or lower Reddened skin, uncomfortable coldness, numbness, White to yellow white appearance |
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Superficial frostbite |
Surface of skin is hardened Underlying tissue is soft Take the victim indoors, rewarm hands by placing them under armpits, against the abdomen, or in between legs Place feet on abdomen of buddy Use skin to skin contact, water immersion, or hot water bottles Do not rub or massage area |
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Deep frostbite |
Ice crystals in entire thickness of extremity Hard solid tissue Monitor pulse and breathing, administer CPR if needed Do not rewarm if refreezing is possible Protect blisters and place gauze in between fingers and toes to prevent sticking Give coffee or hot tea Transport |
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Calcium hypochlorite water purification |
Fill canteen with cleanest water available, leave 1 in from top Fill a canteen cup half way and add 1 calcium hypochlorite ampule, stir Fill canteen cap half full with solution Add it to canteen, put cap on and shake. Loosen and invert bottle until water fills threads Tighten and wait 30 minutes |
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Cat hole |
1ftx1ft Completely cover and pack dirt down Used on the March |
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Saddle trench |
4ft long, 2.5 ft deep, 1ft wide After each use cover with a shovel of dirt 1-3 day bivouac sites |
