104 Fluid And Electrolyte

Front 1

fluid inside the cell is called what?

Back 1

intracellular fluid

Front 2

3 types of extracellular fluid

Back 2

1. intravscular fluid
2. interstitial fluid
3. organ fluid, spinal fluid, lymph nodes, ocular fluid

Front 3

fluid within blood vessels

Back 3

intravascular fluid

Front 4

fluid within tissues

Back 4

interstitial fluid

Front 5

movement of water through semi-permeable membrane; water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration (moves from more water to less water)

Back 5

osmosis

Front 6

movement of water from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Back 6

filtration

Front 7

force/attraction for water caused by undissolved particles (protein and sodium); wherever protein and sodium go, water will follow

Back 7

osmotic pressure/colloid oncotic pressure (pull of protein and sodium on water creates a pressure)

Front 8

what assists in keeping fluid inside blood vessels?

Back 8

osmotic pressure/colloid oncotic pressure

Front 9

what is a pressure this is created from solutes?

Back 9

osmotic pressure

Front 10

what happens when there is too much sodium? can have weight gain, edema, distended neck veins, bounding pulse, high BP, difficulty breathing, crackles in lungs, and increased urine output

Back 10

fluid volume overload

Front 11

what happens when there is not enough fluid/insufficient hydration; excessive perspiration, fever, burns, hemorrhaging; can have weight loss, dizziness, confusion, dry lips, flat neck veins, slow cap, refill, decreased BP, decreased urine output, inelastic skin tugor

Back 11

fluid volume deficit

Front 12

fluid that is outside of the vein is what?

Back 12

interstitial fluid

Front 13

concentration of solute per volume of solution (mOsm/L)

Back 13

osmolarity

Front 14

what is the movement of particles?

Back 14

diffusion

Front 15

what is the movement of water?

Back 15

osmosis

Front 16

with active transport, _____ is needed

Back 16

energy

Front 17

what is the movement of water and particles?

Back 17

filtration

Front 18

when there is a high osmolarity of blood, the ______ signals that you are thirsty

Back 18

hypothalamus

Front 19

what stops you from urinating when there is a high osmolarity of the blood?

Back 19

release of antidiuretic hormone

Front 20

a patient with high osmolarity of the blood with have ______ BP

Back 20

low

Front 21

when a person is dehydrated, what hormone is relaesed?

Back 21

ADH

Front 22

if you have increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the body will....

Back 22

excrete sodium

Front 23

if you have decreased atrial natriuretic peptide, the body will...

Back 23

retain sodium

Front 24

so if the body has lots of water (low osmolarity), what will happen to atrial natriuretic peptide?

Back 24

it will increase and sodium will be excreted

Front 25

if the body has a high osmolarity (not much water), what will happen to atrial natriurectic peptide?

Back 25

it will decrease and sodium will be retained in the body

Front 26

what should blood pH be?

Back 26

7.35 - 7.45

Front 27

FYI...

Back 27

an arterial sample of blood gives a more accurate blood pH

Front 28

FYI...

Back 28

the lower the number of pH, the more acidic

Front 29

what is the range for CO2?

Back 29

35 - 45 mmHg

Front 30

is carbon dioxide an acid or base?

Back 30

acid

Front 31

is hydrogen an acid or base?

Back 31

acid

Front 32

is bicarbonate and acid or base?

Back 32

base

Front 33

what is the range for bicarbonate (HCO3)?

Back 33

22 - 26 mEq/L

Front 34

respiratory system controls only what?

Back 34

CO2

Front 35

Kidneys control what?

Back 35

bicarb and hydrogen

Front 36

if there is a respiratory problem, what compensates for that?

Back 36

the kidneys

Front 37

if there is a metabolic problem, what compensates for that?

Back 37

respiratory system

Front 38

fluid loss you can see is called what?

Back 38

sensible fluid loss

Front 39

fluid loss you can NOT see is called what?

Back 39

insensible fluid loss

Front 40

with fluid volume _____ , you can have increase pulse, hypotension, orthostatic changes; urine specific gravity increase and HCT increased

Back 40

deficit

Front 41

with fluid volume ______, you can have SOB, crackles, dyspnea, hypertension; decreased urine specific gravity and decreased HCT

Back 41

excess

Front 42

what is the normal range for sodium?

Back 42

135-145 mEq/L

Front 43

what is the normal range for Potassium?

Back 43

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Front 44

what is the normal range for calcium?

Back 44

4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L

Front 45

what is the normal range for phosphate?

Back 45

2.8 - 4.5 mg/dl

Front 46

if you have increased Ca, then you have decreased what?

Back 46

phosphate

Front 47

if you have increased phosphate, then you have decreased what?

Back 47

calcium

Front 48

if you have increased potassium, then you have decreased what?

Back 48

glucose

Front 49

if you have increased glucose, then you have decreased what?

Back 49

potassium

Front 50

what is the normal range for magnesium?

Back 50

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L

Front 51

what is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

Back 51

1.010-1.020 (which equals 300 mOsm/L)

Front 52

any substance capable of releasing hydrogen ions in solution

Back 52

acid

Front 53

movement of substances across a cell membrane against an electrochemical gradient

Back 53

active transport

Front 54

negatively charged ion

Back 54

anion

Front 55

stretch receptors located in major arteries and veins that monitor vascular volume

Back 55

baroreceptor

Front 56

any substance that can combine with and decrease hydrogen ions in solution

Back 56

base (or alkali)

Front 57

compound that helps stabilize the pH of a solution by neutralizing added base or acid

Back 57

buffer

Front 58

positively charged ion

Back 58

cation

Front 59

movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Back 59

diffusion

Front 60

chemical compound that dissociates into ions when in solution; usually refers to extracellular sodium, potassium, and chloride

Back 60

electrolyte

Front 61

body fluid outside the cells; mainly interstitial fluid and plasma

Back 61

extracellular fluid

Front 62

of greater concentration than in body fluids

Back 62

hypertonic

Front 63

fluid's effect on cell size

Back 63

tonicity

Front 64

of lower concentration than in body fluids

Back 64

hypotonic

Front 65

fluid between the cells

Back 65

interstitial fluid

Front 66

charged particle formed by the dissociation of electrolytes in a solution

Back 66

ion