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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Producing many offspring, some of which may not survive.
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overproduction
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Individual differences that may be heritable.
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variation
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a structure well-suited for the environment.
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adaptation
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a heritable trait becoming common in a population.
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descent with modification
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What evidence convinced Darwin that evolution occurs?
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- variation of similar species among islands
- fossil evidence - geologic events |
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The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits.
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artificial selection
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What animal did Darwin breed to explore artificial selection?
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pigeons
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The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next.
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heritability
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What acts as the selecting agen in nature?
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the environment
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The mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
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natural selection
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Who proposed that resources such as food, water and shelter are natural limits to population growth?
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Thomas Malthus
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All the individuals of a species that live in an area.
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population
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What did Darwin call the process of evolution?
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descent with modification
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What scientist independently developed a theory very similar to Darwin's?
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Alfred Russel Wallace
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What are the four main principles to the theory of natural selection.
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-variation
-overproduction -adaptation -descent with modification |
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The heritable differences that exist in every population are the basis for natural selection.
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variation
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Having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive.
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overproduction
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A certain variation that allows an individual to survive better than other individuals.
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adaptation
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Individuals with a beneficial trait will be increased in every following generation.
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descent with modification
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A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment.
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fitness
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What does natural selection act upon?
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phenotype
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Natural selection can act only on
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traits that already exist
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Why must selected traits be heritable?
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If a trait is not heritable, it won't be passed down to offspring.
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The development by scientists of a new color in a rose is a result of
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artificial selection
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In natural selection, the selective agent is the
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environment.
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All the rabbits living in a particular area would be an example of a
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population
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A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high
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fitness.
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Which of the following describes natural selection?
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It acts on existing physical traits.
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How do artificial and natural selection differ?
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In natural selection, the environment acts as the selecting agent.
In artificial section, humans act as the selecting agent. |
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What term describes all the individuals of a species that live in an area?
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population
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Which term is a measure of the ability to survive and produce the most offspring?
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fitness
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Can natural selection cause variations?
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No, natural selection works only on existing variations.
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What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
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artificial selection
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Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce
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more offspring.
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Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are
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heritable
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All the bald eagles in an area is an example of a
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population.
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Dog breeds, such as beagles, Border collies, and German shepherds, were produced by the process of
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artificial selection.
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As an environment changes, and some organisms have a higher fitness than others, natural selection acts directly on
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existing variations.
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