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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lantus
(a) generic (b) duration (C) forms (d) clear or suspension |
Insulin glargine
(b)long acting insulin (c) 1. pens prefilled with 3ml cartridges (Solostar) 2. 3ml cartridges for use in reusable pen device (Lantus) 3. 10ml vials (Lantus) |
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Available insulin analgoues (5) & their durations of action & their brand?
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1. insulin glargine (long) - Lantus
2. insulin detemir (long) - Levemir 3. insulin aspart (ultra-short)- Novorapid 4. insulin glulisine (ultra-short) - Apidra Solostar 5. Insulin lispro (ultra-short) - Humalog |
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Types of human insulin?
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1. neutral human insulin
2. NPH / protaphane / isophane insulin |
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Strength of insulin preparations?
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100 units / mL
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Neutral human insulin - brand names, forms
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Actrapid - 3mL cartridge, 10mL vial
Humulin R - 3mL cartridge, 10mL vial |
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Intermediate acting HUMAN insulins - brand names, forms
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Humulin NPH - 3ml cartridge, 10ml vial
Protaphane - 3ml cartridge, 10ml vial, 3ml InnoLet, 3mL NovoLet |
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Pre-mixed insulins - combinations available, their proportions, their brand names and dose forms
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1. Neutral insulin / isophane
1(a)(Mixtard) - 30/70, 50/50 - PenFill for both, and Innolet for 30/70 1(b) Humulin 30/70 - 10ml vial and 3ml cartridge 2. Insulin aspart solution/protaphane suspension(Novomix)- 30/70 - 3mL Penfill and FlexPen 3. Insulin lispro solution/Protaphane suspension (Humalog Mix) - 25/75, 50/50 - 3mL cartridges |
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Insulin - MOA?
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Increases uptake of glucose into cells, reduces hepatic glucose release, and reduces lipolysis
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Insulin
(a) CI (b) Cautions (c) pregnancy / breastfeeding (d) LF / RF |
(a) NO CIs
(b) Caution with acute trauman or illness or surgery - increased requirements Caution with children? Hypoglycaemia may impede brain development? (c) SAFE (d) NO WORRIES |
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Adverse effects
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1. weight gain
2. lipodystrophy 3. lipoatrophy 4. hypoglycaemia |
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Signs and Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
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Signs
- insulin <3.5 Symptoms - sweating - hunger - faintness - palpitations - tremor - headache - altered mood - coma |
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How often are biphasic insulins administered?
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1-2 times daily only
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What advantages does Lantus have over Levemir and Humulin NPH / Protaphane?
How do you change from bd isophane to d Lantus? |
Onset of effect: 1-2 hours for Lantus and NPH, 3-4 hours for Levemir
Peak of effect: No peak for Lantus, peak at 9 hr for Levemir and 4-12 hours for Protaphane Duration: 24 hours for Lantus, 12-24 for Levemir, 16-24 for NPH. When switching from isophane insulin (bd) to lantus, a dose reduction of ~20% is usually required |
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Which insulins are cloudy?
How do you resuspend cloudy insulins? |
Suspensions = isophane insulin, protamine insulin lispart, protamine insulin aspart
To resuspend - tip 5 times and roll 5 times. Do not shake with vigour. |
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What advantages does NovoMix and Humalog Mix have over Mixtard and Humulin?
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NovoMix, Humalog Mix work in 15 minutes, and peak at 1 hour.
Mixtard and Humulin NPH work in 1/2 to 1 hour and peak at TWO to TWELVE hours. |
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Which insulins can be givan SC, which can be given IV?
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SC - all
IV - the ultra short acting and short acting insulins only |
