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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inventions |
cannons, pistols, muskets |
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Developments |
governments claimed power to tax armies became larger and deadlier wars more destructive society more militarized European states aggressively expansionist & looked for a national identity to bind them together |
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Causes |
English held region of Gascony England had close commercial links with Flanders (which consistently resisted French imperialism) French alliance with Scots (resisted English imperialism) disputed succession of the French crown |
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Hundred Years' War |
(1337-1453) A series of wars between England and France, fought mostly on French soil and prompted by the territorial and political claims of English monarchs. |
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Charles V |
king of France, created a professional military that could match the English in discipline and tactics |
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Edward III |
claimed to be the rightful heir to the French crown |
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Richard II |
9 y/o grandson of Edward III too young to claim French crown, war mismanaged by his advisers (one of the issues that triggered Peasant's revolt), exiled cousin Henry, Henry's supporters rebelled, (this guy) deposed by Henry, eventually murdered. |
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Henry V |
sealed an alliance with the powerful Duck of Burgundy (supposedly loyal to France but could have gained from it if England defeated France). Also made treaty with German emperor, who agreed not to come to France's aid. Conquered most of northern France over next 4 years. Charles VI forced to recognize him as heir to French throne. Married French princess Catherine, fathered heir to joint kingdom. |
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Joan of Arc |
a peasant girl from the province of Loraine who claimed to have been commanded by God to lead French forces against the ENglish occupying army during the war. Successful in her efforts, she was betreayed by the French king and handed over to the English, who condemned her to death for her heresy. HEr reputation underwent a process of rehabilitation, but she was not officially canonized as a saint until 1920. (accused of witchcraft, burned to death in market square of Rouen in 1431 @ 19 y/o). |
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Duck of Burgundy |
withdrew alliance with England in 1435 |
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1453 |
French capture Bordeaux, end war. |
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Lasting consequences |
challenged existence of France revealed fragility of bonds that tied king to nobility, and royal capital of Paris to kingdom's outlying regions. By the war's end, king's power increased. Laid foundations for the power of early modern France. When English armies were successful, king rode wave of popularity, fueled emerging sense of English identity, When unsuccessful, undermined support for monarch (5/9 kings deposed and murdered) |
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Wars of the Roses |
fifteenth c. civil conflict between the English dynastic houses of Lancaster and York, each of which was symbolized by the heraldic device of a rose (red and white, respectively). It was ultimately resolved by the accession of the Lancastrian king Henry VII, who married Elizabeth of York. |
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English identity |
equated national identity with the power of the state and its king. it fomented a strong anti-French sentiment that led to the triumph of the English vernacular over French for the first time since the Norman conquest over 300 years earlier. having lost its continental possessions, became a self-contained island nation that looked to sea for defense and opportunity, not the Continent. |
