Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1st step in treating pts with neuro probs?
|
localize lesion
|
|
|
sx of myopathies?
|
prox symmetrical weakness w/o sensory loss
|
|
|
what sx do nmj diseases cause?
|
fatigability
|
|
|
what sx are caused by peripheral neuropathies?
|
distal asymmetric weakness with atrophy, fasciculations, sensory loss and pain
|
|
|
what sx are caused by radiculopathies?
|
radiating pain
|
|
|
sx caused by spinal cord disease?
|
triad of distal symmetric weakness, sphincter probs, and a sensory level
|
|
|
what causes 'crossed syndromes' and what are they?
|
unilateral brain stem lesion; ipsilateral dysfunction of a cranial nerve accompanied by hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss on contralateral body
|
|
|
what type of problem causes ataxia and action tremor?
|
cerebellar disease
|
|
|
in general what type of lesions cause aphasia, seizures and partial hemiparesis (face, arm only)?
|
cortical lesion
|
|
|
what type of problems are caused by subcortical lesions?
|
visual field cuts, dense numbness of primary sensory modalities and more complete hemiparesis (face, arm, leg)
|
|
|
what is long-term potentiation?
|
repetitive input to a synapse leads to learning and memory
|
|
|
which neurotransmitter is related to each condition:
1. Alzheimer's 2. epilepsy 3. Parkinson's 4. migraine |
1. acetylcholine
2. gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA 3. dopamine 4. serotonin |
|
|
what is a characteristic pattern (in DNA) of several neuro diseases?
|
trinucleotide repeats
|
|
|
give two possible reasons for foot drop (weakness of tibialis anterior muscle)
|
1. lesion to the common peroneal nerve
2. lesion to the L5 root |
|
|
sx if facial nerve is damaged (eg. Bell's Palsy)?
|
entire face is weak
|
|
|
sx if cortical input to facial nerve is damaged (eg. stroke)?
|
lower half of face is weak
|
|
|
what does dilated or "blown" pupil imply?
|
compression of CN III
|
|
|
what is a natural protector against strokes in the brain?
|
collateral blood flow from the Circle of Willis
|
|
|
is non-communicating hydrocephalus a medical emergency?
|
yes - blockage will cause increase in CSF and thus ICP
|
|
|
name 3 tests to help diagnose myopathies
|
serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels, electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy
|
|
|
what is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults?
|
myotonic dystrophy
|
|
|
what is a big concern in the treatment of pts with myopathies?
|
respiratory failure
|
|
|
what should always be included in the DDX of myopathies?
|
drug toxicity
|
|
|
is neuroleptic malignant syndrome a medical emergency?
|
yes and it has a high mortality
|
