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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do surface epithelial tumors develop?
what is the leading hypothesis for the development of surface epithelial tumors? how do you classify surface epithelial tumors? what does the "borderline" category denote? |
they develop form coelemic epithelium (or peritoneum in adults), which give rise to mullerian ducts and mullerian epihtelium (which lead to endometrioid, serous, and mucinous appearances)
leading hypothesis: germinal inclusion cysts will have constant follicle repair which leads to tumors developing inside type (serous, mucinoid, endometrioid) or malignant potential (benign, borderline, malignant) borderline denotes incr proliferation, but no stromal invasion. rather, they spread through implants that cause adhesions and obstruction |
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what does a benign serous tumor/serous cystadenoma look like grossly? histologically?
what does a serous borderline tumor look like grossly? histologically? what does a serous carcinoma look like grossly? histologically? what are the 2 proposed pathways of serous carcinoma devo |
benign serous tumor gross:broad, firm papillae often bilateral. histo: columnar like fallopian tube
serous borderline tumor gross: soft, friable papillae. histo: papillae, mitotic, atypia, no stromal invasion! serous carcinoma gross: necrosis, hemorrhage, not always papillary. histo: bridging/coalescence of papillae an slit-like vascular spaces, atypia, mitoses, not always papillary. 1. w/in borderline or well-differentiated, low-grade tumor w/ KRAS and BRAF 2. de novo as poorly differentiated, high grade tumor w/ p53 |
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what are the risk factors for ovarian carcinoma
which of those risk factors is mostly related to serous carcinomas? what kind of patients are at reduced risk for ovarian ca? |
nulliparity, family hx, gonadal dysgenesis, heritable mutaitons (BRCA)
BRCA more related to serous carcinomas BC and tubal ligation patients at decr risk for ovarian cancer |
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what is the prognosis for serous tumors if confined to ovary?
how about if it has extraovarian spread? how do low grade carcinomas spread? how do high grade carcinomas spread? how do they manifest clinically? |
100% if borderline, 70% if carcinoma (good)
90% if borderline, 25% if carcinoma (bad) low-grade spread via invasive implants and are indolent high-grade spread via lymphovascular metastasis as tumors masses and ascites |
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how do mucinous tumors present in general?
how do mucinous cystadenomas present histologically? how do borderline mucinous tumors look histologically? how does a mucinous carcinoma look histologically? grossly? how common are mucinous carcinomas? how is the prognosis for a mucinous tumor? what is pseudomyxoma peritonei? how can you differentiate pseudomyxoma peritonei and mucinous tumor? |
large, multicystic, benign, rarely bilateral nor do they involve the surface
mucinous cystadenoma histo: single bland layer of mucinous epithelium borderline mucinous histo: pseudostratified epi, mucin depletion, mitoses mucinous carcinoma histo: solid sheets of malignant cells, atypia, mitoses, invasion, necrosis mucinous carcinoma gross: lots of solid tumor growth (not specific) mucinous carcinomas not common. metastatic mucinous carcinoma more common mucinous tumor prognosis similar to serous (good for borderline and even carcinoma, but if spreads fatal) pseudomyxoma peritonei is a mucinous, peritoneal tumor that is a GI primary that metastasizes to the ovaries mucinous primary = unilateral, pseudomyxoma peritonei = bilateral |
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name mucinous, serous, and endometrioid in order of their prevalence
what are some genes that endometrioid tumors display? what has endometrioid tumor of the ovary been proposed to be associated with? how do endometrioid tumors look like histologically? how do you differentiate endometrioid carcinoma from a GI metastasis? |
serous > mucinous > endometrioid
exact same genes as endometrioid tumor of endometrium assoc w/ endometriosis and synchronous endometrial carcinoma look exactly like endometrioid tumors of the uterus endometrioid carcinomas have foci of squamous metaplasia, GI mets do not! |
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which type of tumor are clear cell tumors related to?
are clear cell carcinomas mostly benign, borderline, or malignant? what are clear cell carcinomas frequently assoc w/? what do clear cell carcinomas look like histologically? what is the prognosis of endometrioid and clear cell tumors? what are brenner tumors? how do they present? |
clear cell tumors are variants of endometrioid tumors
clear cell carcinomas mostly malignant assoc w/ endometriosis and endometriotic cysts hyaline globules, PAS+, mucin, clear cytoplasm due glycogen, prominent cell borders prognosis same as serous and mucinous tumors brenner tumors are of urothelial epithelial origin. usually benign presentation |
