10

Front 1

Achievement motive

Back 1

The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence.

Front 2

Adaptation

Back 2

An inherited characteristic that increased in a population (through natural selection) because it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during the time it emerged.

Front 3

Affiliation motive

Back 3

The need to associate with others and maintain social bonds.

Front 4

Androgens

Back 4

The principal class of gonadal hormones in males.

Front 5

Argument

Back 5

One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion.

Front 6

Assumptions

Back 6

Premises for which no proof or evidence is offered.

Front 7

Attitudes

Back 7

Orientations that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment.

Front 8

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 8

The system of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands.

Front 9

Bisexuals

Back 9

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of either sex.

Front 10

Body mass index (BMI)

Back 10

Weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared (kg/m2).

Front 11

Collectivism

Back 11

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to.

Front 12

Concordance rate

Back 12

The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit the same disorder.

Front 13

Discrimination

Back 13

Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.

Front 14

Display rules

Back 14

Cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions.

Front 15

Drive

Back 15

An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension.

Front 16

Emotion

Back 16

A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and by characteristic overt expressions (the behavioral component).

Front 17

Estrogens

Back 17

The principal class of gonadal hormones in females.

Front 18

Extraverts

Back 18

People who tend to be interested in the external world of people and things.

Front 19

Forebrain

Back 19

The largest and most complicated region of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.

Front 20

Galvanic skin response (GSR)

Back 20

An increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity.

Front 21

Glucose

Back 21

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Front 22

Glucostats

Back 22

Neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluid.

Front 23

Hedonic adaptation

Back 23

An effect that occurs when the mental scale that people use to judge the pleasantness-unpleasantness of their experiences shifts so that their neutral point, or baseline for comparison, changes.

Front 24

Heterosexuals

Back 24

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the other sex.

Front 25

Homeostatsis

Back 25

A state of physiological equilibrium or stability.

Front 26

Homosexuals

Back 26

Persons who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the same sex.

Front 27

Hypothalamus

Back 27

A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs.

Front 28

Incentive

Back 28

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaivor.

Front 29

Individualism

Back 29

Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.

Front 30

Motivation

Back 30

Goal-directed behavior.

Front 31

Obesity

Back 31

The condition of being overweight.

Front 32

Parasympathetic division

Back 32

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources.

Front 33

Parental investment

Back 33

What each sex invests-in terms of time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities-to produce and nurture offspring.

Front 34

Personality

Back 34

An individual's unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits.

Front 35

Pituitary gland

Back 35

The “master gland“ of the endocrine system; it releases a great variety of hormones that fan out through the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands.

Front 36

Polygraph (Lie detector)

Back 36

A device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned, in an effort to determine whether the subject is telling the truth.

Front 37

Premises

Back 37

The reasons presented to persuade someone that a conclusion is true or probably true.

Front 38

Projective tests

Back 38

Psychological tests that ask subjects to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects' needs, feelings, and personality traits.

Front 39

Set-point theory

Back 39

The idea that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairly stable).

Front 40

Settling-point theory

Back 40

The idea that weight tends to drift around a level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieve an equilibrium.

Front 41

Sexual orientation

Back 41

A person's preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, or either sex.

Front 42

Subjective well-being

Back 42

Individuals' perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction.

Front 43

Sympathetic division

Back 43

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies.

Front 44

Thalamus

Back 44

A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex.

Front 45

Vasocongestion

Back 45

Engorgement of blood vessels.