10-22-04 To 10-29-04

Front 1

anemia

Back 1

not enough RBC

Front 2

Pernicious anemia

Back 2

caused by lack of B-12 or lack of intrinsic factor

Front 3

chyme

Back 3

bolus mixed with gastric juices

Front 4

sphincter

Back 4

ring of muscle around tubular structure

Front 5

cardiac sphincter

Back 5

below diaphragm

Front 6

lower esophageal sphincter

Back 6

above diaphragm

Front 7

pyloric sphincter

Back 7

other end of stomach (near SI)

Front 8

gastric reflux

Back 8

chyme comes back up

*heartburn

Front 9

indigestion

Back 9

over extension of stomach

Front 10

erosive esophagitis

Back 10

eating away and inflammation of the stomach

Front 11

belch

Back 11

gas ... burp or fat

Front 12

gall bladder

Back 12

stores bile

Front 13

Common Bile Duct

Back 13

from gall bladder to small intestine

Front 14

The components of the small intestine

Back 14

1. Duodenum - 10 inches
2. Jejunum - 8 to 10 feet long
3. Ileum - 10 to 12 feet

Front 15

Function of Small Intestines

Back 15

1. 90% of all digestion
2. 90% of all absorption

Front 16

Functions of Liver

Back 16

1. storage of glycogen (starch)
2. Detoxifies poison
3. destroy old RBC's
produces and destroys 2 million/sec
4. storage of iron
5. produce bile

Front 17

biliruben

Back 17

major bile pigment

Front 18

hepatitis

Back 18

inflammation/irritation of the liver

Front 19

jaundice

Back 19

presence of bile in the blood

* yellowish/orange color blood

Front 20

What does the liver do to alcohol?

Back 20

The liver tries to break it down to CO2 and H2O but if it cannot it stores it. Too much alcohol with destroy the epithelial cells. The cells will be replaces with DFCT which is non-functional. Over time this will cause cirrhosis and the person will eventually die.

Front 21

what does vitamin D absorb?

Back 21

calcium

Front 22

gall stones

Back 22

crystalized bile

Front 23

Bovine insulin

Back 23

cow insulin

Front 24

Porcine insulin

Back 24

pig insulin

Front 25

Human Genome Project

Back 25

taking gene from a cell and putting it in a bacteria b/c bacterias use 100% of their genes. then they multiple.

Front 26

Insulin Pumps

Back 26

monitor blood sugar level 24 hrs a day and give insulin when needed

Front 27

Type II diabetes means what doesn't respond anymore?

Back 27

receptors ... caused by eating too much sugar, too often

Front 28

acini cells

Back 28

all rest of cells that make enzymes

Front 29

Enzyme for Carbs

Back 29

amylase

Front 30

Enzyme of lipids

Back 30

lipase

Front 31

Enzyme for Proteins

Back 31

pepsin

Front 32

Enzyme for nucleic acids

Back 32

Nucleases

Front 33

zymogen

Back 33

inactive enzyme

Front 34

what is the name of the process that changes trypsinogen to typsin?

Back 34

enterokinase

Front 35

what is the name of the process that changes chymotrypsingen to chymotripsin?

Back 35

trypsin

Front 36

what is the name of the process that changes procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase?

Back 36

trypsin

Front 37

what are the two things in the small intestines that increase surface area?

Back 37

plicae circulares and villi

Front 38

lacteals

Back 38

specialized lymphatic functions

Front 39

what changes nucleases to nucleotides?

Back 39

DNA & RNA

Front 40

Crypt of Lieberkuhn

Back 40

pits in SI ... enzymes are made there

Front 41

Brunner's gland

Back 41

secretes buffers that counteract the acidity in chyme

Front 42

bile

Back 42

emulsify fats

Front 43

emulsify

Back 43

breaking larger molecules of fat into smaller molecules

Front 44

fiber

Back 44

material that is non-digestable in the body

Front 45

cellulose

Back 45

in plant materials that makes them non-digestable

Front 46

enterogatrone

Back 46

hormone that ...
1. contraction of pyloric sphincter
2. inhibit gastric churning

Front 47

cholecystokinin

Back 47

hormone ... when fat enters SI, this is released and causes contraction of gall bladder and bile is released

Front 48

pancreozymen

Back 48

hormone ...
stimulate pancreas to release enzymes

Front 49

secretin

Back 49

hormone...
tells pancreas to release buffer

Front 50

villikinin

Back 50

hormone ... causes intestonal villi to move back and forth ... inhance digestion and absorption

Front 51

mesentaries

Back 51

little folds of peritineum that holds SI together

Front 52

Large Intestine is also called

Back 52

colon ... 5 ft long

Front 53

cecum

Back 53

sac at very beginning of LI

Front 54

appendix

Back 54

finger like projections on cecum; have beneficial bacteria that produce Vitamin K and some B

Front 55

appendicitis

Back 55

inflammation of appendix

Front 56

peritonitis

Back 56

inflammation of peritenium; happens when appendix bursts ... can die from it

Front 57

Ileocecal valve

Back 57

b/t Ileum and cecum; stuff can go out, not in