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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rock-1
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the material that forms Earth's hard surface.
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crust
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the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer layer.
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geology
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the study of the solid Earth
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geologist
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a scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth.
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seismic wave
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a vibration that travels through Earth carrying energy released during an earthquake.
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inner core
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a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of Earth.
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outer core
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a layer of molten iron and nickel trhat surrounds the inner core of Earth.
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mantle
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the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
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lithosphere
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a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of Earth's mantle and crust. one of four spheres into which scientists divide Earth.
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rock-2
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the solid material made up of of one or more minerals or other substances, including the remains of once-living things.
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texture
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the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains.
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grain
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a particle of mineral or other rock that gives a rock its texture.
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igneous rock
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a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface of Earth.
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intrusive rock
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igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.
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extrusive rock
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igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface.
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sedimentary rock
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a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plant and animals are pressed and cemented together.
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sediment
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small, solid particles of material from rocks ar organisms which are moved by water or wind, resulting in erosion and deposition.
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erosion
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The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.
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deposition
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the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it, and is deposited in a new location.
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metamorphic rock
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a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
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rock cycle
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a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
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