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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AIM
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Recognise different tissue types
Identify the characteristsics of different tissue types Identify the location and function of different tissue types |
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All cells can be placed into one of the four tissue categories
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Epithelial tissue (covers surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts. It also form glands.)
Connective tissue (protect and support) Muscular tissue Neural tissue |
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Epithelial Tissue Characteristics
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Cellularity
Polarity Attachment Avascularity Arranged in sheets Regeneration |
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Functions of Epithelial Tissue
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Provides physical protection
Controls permeability Provides sensation Produces secretions |
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Specialization of Epithelial Cells
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Microvilli
Stereocilia Ciliated epithelium |
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Classification of Epithelia
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Simple
Stratified Squamous cells Cuboidal cells Columnar cells |
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Continued
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Stratified Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Locations: Endothelium lines hollow part, heart, blood vessels, alveoli, glomerular of kidneys, inner surface of tympanic membrane, forms epithelial layer of serous membranes (mesothelium), such as the peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura. (Within) Endothelium (covering) (Middle) Mesothelium |
Description: single of flat cells; centrally located nucleus.
Functions: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes. |
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules; thyroid gland |
Description: simple layer of cube like cells; centrally located nucleus.
FUNCTIONS: Limited protection, secretion, absorption |
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys |
Description: single layer of ciliated cube like cells, nuclei near base, and some goblet cells
FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, absorption |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Locations: Keratinised variety superficial layer of skin, non Keratinised lines wet surfaces, mouth, oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, and vagina, and covers the tongue. |
Description: several layers of cells, cuboidal to columnar shape in deep layers, and cells from the basal layer replace surface cells as they are lost.
Functions: Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack |
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Lining of adult sweat glands and oesophageal glands and male urethra. Rare |
Description: two or more layers of cells in which the cells in the apical layer are cube like.
FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, absorption |
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Stratified columnar epithelium
Location: lines part of urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands, such a oesophageal glands, sml areas in anal mucous membrane and part of conjunctiva of the eye. |
Description: several layers of irregular shaped cells, only apical layer has columnar cells.
Function: protection and secretion |
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Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Location: lines airway of most of upper respiratory tract |
Description: not a true stratified tissue, nuclei at different levels, all cells attached to basement membrane but not all reach the apical surface.
Function: secretion, movement of mucus by ciliary action |
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Functions of Connective Tissue
Establishing the structural framework of the body Transporting fluid and dissolved materials Protecting organs Supporting, surrounding, and connecting other tissues Storing energy Defending the body from microorganisms |
Classification of Connective Tissue
Connective tissue proper Fluid connective tissue Supporting connective tissue |
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Connective tissue proper
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Has a matrix of fibers (loose fibers and dense fibers)
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Fluid connective tissue
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Has a matrix of liquid (blood and lymph)
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Supporting connective tissue
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Has a matrix consisting of a gel or a solid (cartilage and bone)
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Connective Tissue Proper
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Loose fibers
Areolar tissue Adipose tissue Reticular tissue Dense fibers Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic |
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Areolar Tissue (details)
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Location
Deep dermis Between muscles Function Connects skin to muscle Matrix Fibers |
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Areolar Tissue
LOCATIONS: Within and deep to the dermis of skin, and covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; between muscles; around blood vessels, nerves, and around joints |
FUNCTIONS: Cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement; phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens
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Adipose Tissue (details)
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Location
Hypodermis Buttocks, surrounds organs Function Cushion Insulation Matrix Fibers |
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Adipose Tissue
LOCATIONS: Deep to the skin, especially at sides, buttocks, breasts; padding around eyes and kidneys |
FUNCTIONS: Provides padding and cushions shocks; insulates (reduces heat loss); stores energy
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Reticular Tissue (details)
Location Liver, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, bone marrow |
Function
Supporting framework Matrix Fibers |
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Connective Tissue Proper
Dense Regular Connective Tissue (details) |
Location
Tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments Elastic tissue Function Tendons: connect muscle to bone Aponeuroses: connect muscle to muscle or covers entire muscle Ligaments: connect bone to bone Elastic: stabilizes the vertebrae Matrix Fibers |
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (details)
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Location
Nerve and muscle sheaths Function Provides strength Matrix Fibers |
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Fluid Connective Tissue
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Blood
Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets Plasma |
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Supporting Connective Tissue
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Cartilage and Bone
Provide a strong framework that supports rest of body |
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Cartilage
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Types of Cartilage:
Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrous cartilage |
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Bone
Location Skeletal system |
Function
Support and strength Matrix Solid (lamellae) |
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Hyaline Cartilage
LOCATIONS: Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints; supporting larynx (voice box), trachea, and bronchi; forming part of nasal septum |
FUNCTIONS: Provides stiff but somewhat flexible support; reduces friction between bony surfaces
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Elastic Cartilage
LOCATIONS: Auricle of external ear; epiglottis; auditory canal; cuneiform cartilages of larynx |
FUNCTIONS: Provides support, but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape
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Fibrous Cartilage
LOCATIONS: Pads within knee joint; between pubic bones of pelvis; intervertebral discs |
FUNCTIONS: Resists compression; prevents bone-to-bone contact; limits relative movement
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Membranes
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Epithelia and connective tissue combine to form membranes
Each membrane consists of: Sheet of epithelial cells An underlying connective tissue |
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Four Types of Membranes
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1-Mucous membrane: lines digestive and respiratory tract
Coated with mucus secretions Has connection to the exterior of the body 2-Serous membrane: lines pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities Produces transudate to reduce friction |
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Continued
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3-Cutaneous membrane: makes up the skin
Thick and waterproof 4-Synovial membrane: lines the joint cavities Produces synovial fluid that reduces friction within the joints |
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Three types of muscle tissue
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1-Skeletal muscle
Has striations 2-Smooth muscle Ends of the cells are pointy 3-Cardiac muscle Has intercalated discs |
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Smooth Muscle Tissue
LOCATIONS: Found in the walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs |
FUNCTIONS: Moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions; controls diameter of respiratory passageways; regulates diameter of blood vessels
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue
LOCATION: Heart |
FUNCTIONS: Circulates blood; maintains blood (hydrostatic) pressure
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Neural Tissue
Specialized to conduct electrical signals through the body Two types of neural cells |
1-Neurons are the cells that actually transmit the impulse
2-Neuroglia are the supporting cells of the neural tissue; these cells protect the neurons |
