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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pharmacology? |
The study of the effect of drugs on the function of living systems |
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What is a drug? |
A biologically active compound (other than a nutrient or essential dietary ingredient) taken with the intent to produce a change in the body |
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What is medicine? |
A chemical preparation which usually contains one or more drugs administered with the purpose of producing a therapeutic effect |
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What are pharmacokinetics? |
The effects of the drug on the body |
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What are pharmacodynamics? |
The effects of the body on the drug (referring to ADME) |
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What is the difference between a medicine and a drug? |
A medicine is the combination of one or more drugs with other ingredients to make the drugs more palatable |
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What is ADME? |
The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug |
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What are the normal components of medicines? |
One or more drugs, and other substances to make them more convenient to use |
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What was Paul Ehrlich's major contribution to pharmacology? |
Pioneered syphilis treatment, proposed side-chain theory for toxin binding and the existence of chemoreceptors |
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What was John Langley's major contribution to pharmacology? |
Proposed the activity of nicotine and curare on the 'receptive substance' of muscle cells |
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What are the elements of the receptor concept? |
Ehrlich's 'magic bullet' theory of selectively toxic chemicals (drugs) and Langley's theory of receptors as a target for the drug bullets |
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What is an agonist? |
A molecule which activates a receptor |
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What is an antagonist? |
A molecule which blocks a receptor |
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Is nicotine an agonist or an antagonist? |
Agonist |
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Is curare an agonist or an antagonist? |
Antagonist |
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What is molarity? |
How much of a substance is available in a given volume (mol/L) |
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What does it mean that agonists and antagonists are selective? |
They only bind to specific receptor types/shapes |
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What type of scales are used to generate a concentration response curve? |
Logarithmic scales |
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What is a therapeutic range? |
The range of concentrations of a drug which have the intended clinical effect |
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What is the shape of a logarithmic concentration-response curve? |
Sigmoidal |
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What is the log of 1 mol/L? |
1 |
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What is the log of 1 millimole/L? |
1*10^-3 |
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What is the log of 1 micromole/L? |
1*10^-6 |
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What is the log of 1 nanomole/L? |
1*10^-9 |
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What are the major pharmacological principles? |
Active ingredients selectively bind to certain molecular targets and exerts both a cellular and systemic effect. This produces a therapeutic effect in a concentration-dependent fashion, and efficacy is determined in clinical trials using agreed "outcome measures" and statistical validation |
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Therapeutic effect is produced in a ______ fashion. |
Concentration-dependent |
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How is medicine efficacy determined? |
In clinical trials using statistical validation and agreed "outcome measures" |
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What type of effect do drugs have on molecular targets? |
Cellular and systemic effects |
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What factors would affect a medicine's pharmacokinetic profile? |
ADME (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) |
