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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rheumatism
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Inflammation, degeneration of connective tissue, soreness, joint pain, stiffness of muscles
Ex: OA, RA, juvenile RA, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis STG: alleviate pain, decrease inflammation, maintain strength, splinting and AD LTG: Body mechanics, reduce stressors, exercise program, safe with all mobility |
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Osteoarthritis
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Chronic disease mostly in WB joints involving degeneration of articular cartilage.
Most common: C5-C6, lumbar, hips, knees. After 40. Men>Women Risk: trauma, repetitive microtrauma, obesity -Cartilage becomes soft and damaged -Osteophytes form -Subchondral bone thickens -Syovitis mild to moderate |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Systemic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology, chronic inflammatory rxn in synovial tissues.
1-2% of US population. Womenx3/men. Dx between 30-50. -Common in small joint of hand, foot, wrist and ankle. -Thickening of synovial membrane -Coloration of lymphocytes which syntehesize rheumatoid factor -Erosion of cartilage -Gradual or immediate -Symmetrical polyarthritis -Morning stiff > 1 hour -Warm joints -Decreased appetite -Boutonniere (DIP ext, PIP flx) -Swan Neck (DIP flx, PIP hyperext) -Malaise and fatigue -Avoid Deep heat -Splinting and AD -PROM in acute, AROM, hydrotherapy and isometrics in subacute |
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Avulsion fracture
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bone fragmented at tendon attachment from sudden stretch
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Closed fracture
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break in bone, skin intact
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Comminuted fracture
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bone breaks into fragments at injury
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Compound fracture
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bone breaks and goes through skin
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Greenstick fracture
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Break in one side of bone but doesn't get the periosteum on other side.
Common in children |
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Nonunion fracture
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fails to heal in 9-12 months
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Stress fracture
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break due to repeated forces to portion of bone
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Spiral Fracture
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Break shaped like an "S" due to torsion and twising
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Bursitis
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acute or chronic inflammation of bursa
limited AROM secondary to pain and swelling |
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Contusion
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sudden blow damaging superficial and deep structures
Tx: AROM, ice, compression |
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Edema
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Increased fluid volume in soft tissue outside joint capsule
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Effusion
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Increased fluid within joint capsule
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Genu Valgum
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Knees touch
Increased compression of lateral tibial condyle, stress medial structures |
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Genu Varum
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Knees bow
Increased compression of media tibial condyle, stress lateral structures |
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Kyphosis
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Excess curvature in posterior direction
Usually in thoracic Common with osteoporosis, compression fractures, poor posture with paralysis |
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Lordosis
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Excess curvature in anterior direction
Usually in cervical or lumbar Common with weak abdominals, pregnancy, excess abdominal weight, hip flexion contractures |
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Myositis Ossificans
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Heterotopic bone formation 3-4 weeks after a contusion or trauma in soft tissue
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Osteoprosis
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Postmenopausal women
thinning bone matrix Causes include decreased WB, inactivity, family history, smoking and drinking Dxthrough bone density screening Tx: estrogen, calcium, vitamin D, calcitonin, fluoride |
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Q angle
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Angle from midpatella to ASIS and to tibial tubercle
Normal Male - 13 degrees Female - 18 degrees Excess angle leads to pathology and abnormal tracking |
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Scoliosis
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Lateral curve of spine, occurring in any of three regions
Idiopathic, non-structural or structural |
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Shoulder dislocation
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True separation of humerus from glenoid
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Shoulder separation
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disruption in stability of AC joint
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Sprain
Summary of grades |
Ligament injury
I - mild pain and swelling, little to no tear II - moderate pain and swelling, min/mod tearing, decreased ROM III - severe pain and swelling, joint instability, total tear, substantial ROM decrease |
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Strain
Summary of grades |
Tendon injury
I - localized pain, minimal swelling, tenderness II - localized pain, moderate swelling, tenderness, impaired motor function III - palpable defect of muscle, severe pain and poor motor function |
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Tendonitis
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Acute or chronic inflammation of tendon
gradual onset, tenderness, swelling, pain |
