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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CAPVT XXXV Dative with Adjectives, Special Verbs, and Compounds
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DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES
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a noun in the dative case is employed with many Latin adjectives—particularly those indicating attitude, quality, or relation—to indicate the direction (literally or metaphorically) in which the adjective applies; such adjectives are normally followed by "to," "toward," or "for" in English (e.g., "friendly to/toward," "hostile to/ toward," "suitable to/for," "useful to," "similar to," "equal to," etc.).
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Mors est similis somno.
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Death is similar to sleep.
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Sciebam te mihi fidelem esse.
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I knew that you were loyal to me.
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Nobis est vir amicus.
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He is a man friendly toward us.
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Quisque sibi carus est.
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Each person is dear to himself.
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Ille videtur par esse deo.
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That man seems to be equal to a god.
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DATIVE WITH SPECIAL VERBS
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Verbs conveying some notion of attitude toward a person or thing take a dative object, e.g., nocere, to be injurious to. Although these verbs are often translated into English as if they were transitive and the dative nouns they govern as though they were direct objects (e.g., tibi parcit, he spares you; lit., he is lenient toward you), the datives indicate the person/thing toward whom the attitude or quality applies.
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Crede amicis.
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Believe (trust) your friends.
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Ignosce mihi.
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Pardon me (forgive me).
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Magistra discipulis parcit.
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The teacher spares (is lenient toward) her pupils.
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Hoc eis non placet.
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This does not please them.
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Non possum ei persuadere.
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I cannot persuade him.
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Variae res hominibus nocent.
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Various things harm men.
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Cicero philosophiae studebat.
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Cicero used to study philosophy.
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Philosophiae servire est libertas.
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To serve philosophy is liberty.
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DATIVE WITH COMPOUND VERBS
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The dative is used with certain verbs compounded with ad, ante, con- (=cum), in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, super, especially when the meaning of a compound verb is significantly different from its simple form:
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Eum sequor.
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I follow him.
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Ei obsequor.
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I obey him (lit., I follow in the direction of, i.e., in his path)
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Sum amicus eius.
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I am his friend.
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Amico adsum.
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I support my friend (lit., I am next to my friend, i.e., at his side).
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Ad nos venit.
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He came to us.
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Ad nos advenit.
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He came to us.
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CAPVT XXXVI Jussive Noun Clauses; Fio
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JUSSIVE NOUN CLAUSES
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a kind of indirect command not quoted verbatim but is reported indirectly in a subordinate clause, i.e., not "he ordered them, 'Do this!"' but "he ordered them to do this." In Latin such clauses are introduced by ut or ne and employ a subjunctive verb, usually present or imperfect tense, whereas in English, and therefore in translation, we ordinarily employ a present infinitive with no introductory word and no auxiliary such as "may" or "might".
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These clauses are often confused with
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purpose clauses because in appearance they are identical, but a study of the examples below reveals their jussive nature. In contrast to purpose clauses, which function adverbially (answering the question "why?"), jussive noun clauses function as objects of the main verbs which introduce them (answering the question "what... was ordered, requested, advised, etc.?").
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Hoc facite.
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Do this! (imperative, direct command)
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Hoc faciant.
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Let them do this, (jussive subjunctive, direct command)
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Imperat vobis ut hoc faciatis.
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He commands you to do this.
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Imperavit eis ut hoc facerent.
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He commanded them to do this.
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Persuadet eis ut hoc faciant.
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He persuades them to do this.
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Petivit ab eis ne hoc facerent.
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He begged (from) them not to do this.
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Monuit eos ne hoc facerent.
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He warned them not to do this.
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Hortatus est eos ut hoc facerent.
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He urged them to do this.
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The following list includes some of the more common
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verbs that can introduce jussive noun clauses and indicates the case employed for the person being ordered or requested to act:
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I urge him to ...
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hortor eum ut...
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I order him to...
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impero ei ut...
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I advise him to...
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moneo eum ut...
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I beg her to ...
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oro eam ut...
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I persuade him to . . . (or I persuade him that ...)
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persuadeo ei ut ...
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I beg (from) him to ...
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peto ab eo ut ...
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I request (from/of) her to .. .
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quaero ab ea ut...
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I ask him to ...
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rogo eum ut ...
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IRREGULAR Fio, fieri, factus sum, to occur, happen; be done, be made
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is used in place of the passive of the present system of facio and so, although active in form, also has the passive meanings to be done, be made; e.g., fit was used instead of facitur for it is done, is made. Conversely, the perfect system of fio was lacking and was supplied by the perfect passive system of facio (cf. fero, ferre, tuli, latum)
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In translating, when you see the
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active present system forms of fio remember the passive force options be done, be made, and when you see the passive perfect system forms factus est, factus erat, factus sit, etc., remember the options has become, had occurred, etc.
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to happen, become; be made, be done: principal parts
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fio, fieri, factus sum
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to happen, become; be made, be done: present indicative
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fio, fis, fit, fimus, fitis, fiunt
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to happen, become; be made, be done: imperfect indicative
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fiebam, fiebas, fiebat, fiebamus, fiebatis, fiebant
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to happen, become; be made, be done: future indicative
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fiam, fies, fiet, fiemus, fietis, fient
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to happen, become; be made, be done: perfect indicative
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factus sum, factus es, factus est, facti sumus, facti estis, facti sunt
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to happen, become; be made, be done: pluperfect indicative
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factus eram, factus eras, factus erat, facti eramus, facti eratis, facti erant
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to happen, become; be made, be done: future perfect indicative
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factus ero, factus eris, factus erit, facti erimus, facti eritis, facti erunt
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to happen, become; be made, be done: present subjunctive
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fiam, fias, fiat, fiamus, fiatis, fiant
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to happen, become; be made, be done: imperfect subjunctive
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fierem, fieres, fieret, fieremus, fieretis, fierent
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to happen, become; be made, be done: perfect subjunctive
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factus sim, factus sis, factus sit, facti simus, facti sitis, facti sint
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to happen, become; be made, be done: pluperfect subjunctive
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factus essem, factus esses, factus esset, facti essemus, facti essetis, facti essent
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to happen, become; be made, be done: participles
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pres. - ; perf. factus; fut. faciendus
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to happen, become; be made, be done: infinitives
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fieri, factus esse, factum iri
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to happen, become; be made, be done: imperative
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fi, fite
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Hoc facit (faciet).
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He is doing or making this (will do or make).
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Hoc fit (fiet).
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This is done or made (will be done or made).
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Hoc faciat.
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Let him do or make this.
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Hoc fiat.
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Let this be done or made.
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Dicunt eum hoc facere.
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They say that he is doing this.
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Dicunt hoc fieri.
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They say that this is being done (is happening).
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Periculum fit gravius.
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The danger is becoming graver.
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Mox facti sunt felices.
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They soon became happy.
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