1. Latin Chapter 20

Front 1

Chapter XX

Back 1

Fourth Declension; Ablatives of Place from Which and Separation

Front 2

FOURTH DECLENSION NOUNS

Back 2

FOURTH DECLENSION NOUNS --- most are masculine, with the nominative singular in -us, but there are some feminines, also in -us, and a few neuters, with the nominative singular in -u. The characteristic vowel u appears in all endings except the dative and ablative plural (and even there a few nouns have -ubus for -ibus)

Front 3

fruit, profit

Back 3

M and F singular: fructus, fructus, fructui, fructum, fructu ---- M and F plural: fructus, fructuum, fructibus, fructus, fructibus

Front 4

horn

Back 4

N singular: cornu, cornus, cornu, cornu, cornu ---- N plural: cornua, cornuum, cornibus, cornua, cornibus

Front 5

sweet fruit

Back 5

fructus dulcis

Front 6

my hand

Back 6

manus mea

Front 7

The Greeks sailed from their (own) country to Italy.

Back 7

Graeci a patria sua ad Italiam navigaverunt. ---- ABLATIVE OF PLACE FROM WHICH: involves a verb of active motion from one place to another; nearly always, too, the ablative is governed by one of the prepositions ab, de, or ex (away from, down from, out of)

Front 8

The river flowed down from the mountains into the sea.

Back 8

Flumen de montibus in mare fluxit. ---- ABLATIVE OF PLACE FROM WHICH: involves a verb of active motion from one place to another; nearly always, too, the ablative is governed by one of the prepositions ab, de, or ex (away from, down from, out of)

Front 9

Many will come from the country into the city.

Back 9

Multi ex agris in urbem venient. ---- ABLATIVE OF PLACE FROM WHICH: involves a verb of active motion from one place to another; nearly always, too, the ablative is governed by one of the prepositions ab, de, or ex (away from, down from, out of)

Front 10

Cicero sent the enemy away from the city.

Back 10

Cicero hostes ab urbe misit. ---- ABLATIVE OF PLACE FROM WHICH: involves a verb of active motion from one place to another; nearly always, too, the ablative is governed by one of the prepositions ab, de, or ex (away from, down from, out of)

Front 11

Cicero kept the enemy away from the city

Back 11

Cicero hostes ab urbe prohibuit (cf. the similar example above). ---- ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION: implies only that some person or thing is separate from another; there is no movement from one place to another; and sometimes there is no preposition, particularly with certain verbs meaning "to free," "to lack," and "to deprive."

Front 12

He freed them from fear.

Back 12

Eos timore liberavit. ---- ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION: implies only that some person or thing is separate from another; there is no movement from one place to another; and sometimes there is no preposition, particularly with certain verbs meaning "to free," "to lack," and "to deprive."

Front 13

The farmers were often lacking money.

Back 13

Agricolae pecunia saepe carebant. ---- ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION: implies only that some person or thing is separate from another; there is no movement from one place to another; and sometimes there is no preposition, particularly with certain verbs meaning "to free," "to lack," and "to deprive."

Front 14

An old man of great fame fled from his country to our senate.

Back 14

Senex magnae famae ex patria sua ad senatum nostrum fugit

Front 15

After this (lit. these things) the citizens who feared the tyrant were led from their own country into our state.

Back 15

Post haec cives qui tyrannum timuerunt ex patria sua in civitatem nostram ducti sunt.

Front 16

We freed them from the crimes of that tyrant.

Back 16

Eos sceleribus istius tyranni liberavimus.

Front 17

Now they lack (are free from) every fear (anxiety).

Back 17

Nunc omni metu carent.

Front 18

In these verses the senate and the Roman people are praised.

Back 18

In his versibus senatus populusque Romanus laudantur.

Front 19

We ought to free those unfortunate men from fear.

Back 19

Debemus illos miseros metu liberare.

Front 20

For who can be happy if other human beings lack the enjoyments of peace and liberty?

Back 20

Nam quis potest beatus esse si alii homines fructibus pacis libertatisque carent?