1- Introduction, Organ Systems, Planes

Front 1

What is physiology?

Back 1

study of how things work ad how parts function

Front 2

What is anatomy?

Back 2

Deals with the structures of the body

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

smallest level of matter; all matter is made up of atoms

Front 4

molecules

Back 4

2 or more atoms joined together
EX: H2O

Front 5

Cells

Back 5

the smallest independent units of life.
If you break apart a cell, it is no longer alive.

Front 6

What are the 4 tissue types?

Back 6

muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, and connective tisse.

Front 7

Organ

Back 7

tissues with different functions working together

Front 8

organ system

Back 8

organs working together

Front 9

organism

Back 9

organ systems working together

Front 10

What are the 11 organ systems in the body?

Back 10

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, pulmonary, lymph, digestive, urinary, and reproductive

Front 11

Function of Integumentary system:

Back 11

Protection, temperature control
EX: skin, hair, sweat glands

Front 12

Function of Skeletal system

Back 12

support, locomotion, blood formation, mineral storage
EX: bones, cartilage

Front 13

Function of Muscular system:

Back 13

locomotion, support, and heat generation
(3 types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac)

Front 14

Function of nervous system:

Back 14

response to stimuli and control other systems
EX: brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Front 15

Function of endocrine system:

Back 15

long term control of other systems
EX: thyroid gland, adrenal gland

Front 16

Function of cardiovascular system

Back 16

transports gases, nutrients and wastes
EX: blood, heart, blood vessels

Front 17

Function of pulmonary system:

Back 17

O2 and CO2 exchange
EX: lungs, diaphragm, and blood vessels

Front 18

Function of lymph system:

Back 18

immune defense
EX: White Blood Cells

Front 19

Function of digestive system:

Back 19

chemical and physical processing of food for energy, nutrients
EX: stomach, intestines

Front 20

Function of urinary system

Back 20

excretion, water and salt balance
EX: bladder, urethra

Front 21

Function of reproductive system:

Back 21

reproducing

Front 22

Sagittal Plane

Back 22

divides the body into left and right parts

Front 23

frontal plane

Back 23

divides the body into front and back parts

Front 24

transverse plane

Back 24

divides the body into top and bottom

Front 25

midsagittal plane

Back 25

divides the body into equal left and right parts

Front 26

parasagittal plane

Back 26

divides the body into unequal left and right parts

Front 27

anterior

Back 27

front

Front 28

ventral

Back 28

belly

Front 29

posterior

Back 29

behind

Front 30

dorsal

Back 30

back

Front 31

superior

Back 31

above (towards the head)

Front 32

inferior

Back 32

below (opposite the head)

Front 33

cranial

Back 33

the head

Front 34

caudal

Back 34

towards the tail end

Front 35

rostral

Back 35

on the nose side

Front 36

medial

Back 36

towards the midline

Front 37

lateral

Back 37

away from the midline

Front 38

proximal

Back 38

towards the trunk

Front 39

distal

Back 39

away from the trunk

Front 40

superficial

Back 40

near the surface

Front 41

deep

Back 41

away from the surface

Front 42

facial

Back 42

face

Front 43

mental

Back 43

chin

Front 44

mental foramen

Back 44

holes in chin

Front 45

frontal

Back 45

forehead

Front 46

oral

Back 46

mouth

Front 47

cervical

Back 47

neck

Front 48

thoracic

Back 48

chest

Front 49

mammary

Back 49

breast

Front 50

brachial

Back 50

arm

Front 51

antebrachial

Back 51

forearm

Front 52

carpal

Back 52

wrist

Front 53

tarsal

Back 53

ankle

Front 54

metacarpal

Back 54

hand

Front 55

palmar

Back 55

palm

Front 56

abdominal

Back 56

abdomen

Front 57

coxal

Back 57

hip

Front 58

inguinal

Back 58

groin

Front 59

pubic

Back 59

bubis

Front 60

femoral

Back 60

thigh

Front 61

metatarsal

Back 61

foot

Front 62

what is homeostasis

Back 62

to maintain constant, or static, conditions in the internal environment in face of changing external environment

Front 63

there are __ (number) cells in the human body.

Back 63

75 trillion

Front 64

2/3 of the cells are _________ cells.

Back 64

intracellular

Front 65

1/3 of the cells are ___________ fluid.

Back 65

extracellular

Front 66

__% of the human body is water.

Back 66

60%

Front 67

extracellular fluid

Back 67

includes plasma and the interstitial fluid

Front 68

Extracellular fluid contains

Back 68

large amounts of Na, Cl-, CO2 and Urea

Front 69

Intracellular fluid contains

Back 69

Large amounts of K+, Mg++, phosphate

Front 70

What are the 2 kinds of regulation?

Back 70

Autoregulation and Extrinsic regulation

Front 71

Autoregulation

Back 71

occurs when change in the environmental conditions causes automatic response in tissues affected to correct the problem
EX: excercising muscle cells

Front 72

extrinsic regulation

Back 72

when change activates a system that effects change from outside via the nervous or endocrine systems

Front 73

2 categories of control systems:

Back 73

passive and closed loop

Front 74

Passive regulatory system

Back 74

dependent on simple or physical reltionship to maintain balance
EX: urea excretion by kidney

Front 75

Closed loop

Back 75

the sensor provides info about a variable of interest. Mechanisms for transmission of info to an integration center to compare incoming info w/set point effector mechanism to stimulate response and change variable

Front 76

negative feedback

Back 76

response in in opposite direction of disturbance
EX: blood pressure

Front 77

positive feedback

Back 77

initial stimulus causes more of the same
EX: salivation, child birth