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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does most connective tissue originate from? Where does craniofacial connective tissue originate from?
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Mesoderm, ectomesenchyme.
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What three main things are in connective tissue?
What is the ECM made up of? |
1) Cells
2) Fibers 3) Ground substance ECM - ground substance, fibers |
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What are the functions of connective tissue?
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1) Structural support
2) Medium of exchange (wastes, nutrients) 3) Defense/protection (leukocytes) 4) Storage of fats |
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What controls the water of hydration of the ECM?
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Hyaluronic acid
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What AAs are collagen fibers rich in? What do the differences reside in?
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Proline, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine. Differences reside in alpha chains
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90% of the body's collagen is what type?
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Type I
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How do tropocollagen fibers line up
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Parallel array, end to end in polar manner. Have spaces between them to offer flexibility, store ions
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What are elastin fibers rich in? What is the core surrounded by? What are they predominantly composed of? What is it responsible for?
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Glycine, proline, desmosine and isodesmosine. Core surrounded sheath of microfibrils. Predominantly composed of fibrillin, a glycoprotein. Responsible for stability.
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What are fibers the function and stain like elastic fibers? Where are they found?
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1) Eluanin -found in lamina propria of gingiva
2) Oxytalan - found in the periodontal ligament |
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What are the three layers of the basal lamina and what do they contain?
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Laminia lucida - laminin, entactin, integrins
Lamina densa - type IV collagen, perlacan, fibronectin Lamina reticularis - type I and III collagen |
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What are integrins? Are ligands signal molecules?
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Transmembrane proteins, link cytoskeleton to ECM. Ligands are NOT signal molecules - are structural members of ECM.
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What are fixed cells?
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Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, adipose, mast, macrophages
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What are transient cells?
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Plasma, leukocytes
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What are fibroblasts derived from? What do they do? What are myofibroblasts?
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Mesenchyme. Synthesize the ECM. Myofibroblasts = modified fibroblasts found in wound healing and the PDL, abundant actin bundles
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Pericytes:
1) Derived from? 2) Associated with? 3) Contain? 4) Characteristics of? |
1) Undifferentiated mesenchyme
2) Small blood vessels 3) Own basal lamina fused w/ that of associated endothelial cell 4) Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells |
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Fat cells:
1) Derived from? 2) Divide? 3) Job? |
1) Undifferentiated mesenchyme
2) Fully differentiated, do not divide 3) Store triglycerides |
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What are the two types of fat cells?
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1) Unilocular - simple, large lipid droplet (white fat)
2) Multiocular - multiple, small lipid droplets (brown fat) |
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Mast cells:
1) Size? 2) Derived from? 3) Granules contain? 4) What cells are they similar to? How are they different? 5) Location 6) Receptors for? 7) Responsible for? |
Largest of fixed cells
Bone marrow Heparin and histamine (heparin = anticoagulant, histamine = inflammation) Basophils, but come from different cell lines Throughout body, along blood vessels, subepithelial CT of respiratory/digestive systems Fc receptors for IgE on membranes Immediate hypersensitivity reactions |
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What are the primary mediators of mast cells?
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1) Histamine - increase vascular permeability, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction of bronchi, increased mucous production
2) Heparin - anticoagulant 3) Aryl sulfatase - inactivates leukotriene C, limits inflammatory response 4) Neutral proteases - activates complement 5) ECF - attract eosinophils to inflammation site 6) NCF - attract neutrophils to inflammation site |
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What are the secondary mediators of mast cells?
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1) Leukotrienes C4, D4 - vasodilator, more potent than histamine
2) Prostaglandin D2 - contracts branchial smooth muscle, increase mucous secretion |
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Macrophages are members of what phagocyte system?
Derived from? |
Mononuclear phagocyte.
Stem cell in bone marrow |
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What is embryonic CT?
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Mesenchymal, mucous
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What is connective tissue proper?
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Loose CT, dense CT (collagenous, elastic), reticular, adipose
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What is specialized CT?
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Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibro), bone, blood
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