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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Important players in Health and Healthcare:
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-Patients
-Population -Providers -Policymakers -Payers |
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How does Healthcare actually influence health?
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It's definitely not the most important determinant of health!
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What are the top 4 leading causes of death in the USA?
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1. Heart disase
2. Cancer 3. Stroke 4. Chronic lung disease |
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What is the 5th leading cause of death esp in <35 year olds?
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Unintentional injury
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What are 5 other leading causes of death? (6-10)
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DIAKS
-Diabetes mell -Influenza/pneumonia -Alzheimer's -Kidney disease -Septicemia |
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What are the top 3 leading RISK factors for death in the USA?
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1. Tobacco
2. Poor diet/physical inactivity 3. Alcohol consumption |
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What are the other 6 leading risk factors for death?
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MTMFIS
-Microbial agents -Toxic agents -Motor vehicles -Firearms -Sexual behavior -Illicit drug use |
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So the top 2 leading causes of death are:
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-Heart disease
-Cancer |
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And the top 2 risk factors for death are:
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-Tobacco
-Poor diet/physical inactivity |
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What is the association between how much we SPEND/devote our resources to healthcare, and life expectancy?
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Weak
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When in history did we begin to see a dramatic increase in life expectancy?
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Late 1800's - 1900
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Why did we see that increase?
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Because of:
-Urbanization -Improved sanitation |
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When did deaths due to TB/other infectious disease start to decline; before or after antibiotics were introduced?
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BEFORE!
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Why did TB deaths begin to decline?
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Because of GENERAL ECONOMIC INFLUENCES - increased nutrition and decreased crowding
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When was the Pure Food and Drink Act implemented to mandate inspection of foods before sale?
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1906
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Have advances in Healthcare technology influenced ANYTHING about health?
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Yes - a significant decrease in Cardiovascular mortality has been seen
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Where/when DOES national wealth influence life expectancy?
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Only in 3rd world countries where the gross national product per capita is less than 3000
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Where have we always seen a difference in life expectancy?
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between RACES
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Has life expectancy increased in only whites since 1970?
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No; both races have seen increases in life expectancy, but the DISPARITY has persisted.
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Who has higher life expectancy; whites or blacks?
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Whites
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Who has higher life expectancy; males or females?
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Females - of both races
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Who has higher death rates; Black babies or white?
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Black babies
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How has infant mortality changed since 1975?
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Both blacks/whites infant mortality rates have declined
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What are 3 emerging trends in disease and risk factors?
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-CV disease
-Obesity -Physical inactivity |
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What has happened to the death rate from coronary heart disease since 1950?
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It has declined
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What has happened to obesity?
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It has increased!
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What has happened to physical inactivity?
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It has increased
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What is the impact of increased obesity and decreased physical inactivity?
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Diabetes
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What is the ratio btwn a nonsmoker/norm weight/action vs a heavy/inactive smoker of likelihood of developing CHD, stroke, or diabetes by age 65?
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1:5.5
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What have been the top 3 major public health accomplishments in the past century?
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1. Vaccination/immunization
2. Control of infectious disease 3. Safety from mechanical injury |
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What have been the next 4 health accomplishments (4-7)?
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-Workplace safety
-Prevention of heart D/stroke -Healther mothers/babies -Family planning/contraception |
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What have been the last 3 top 10 health accomplishments (8-10)?
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-Safer food
-Fluoridation of drinking water -Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard |
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What are the top 8 public health challenges?
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-Obesity
-Physical inactivity -Tobacco use -HIV -Emerging infectious diseases -Environmental health -Health behaviors/screening -Health disparities |
