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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When is the best time for clients to measure their resting heart r |
First thing in the morning |
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Name two common test for assessing cardio respiratory efficiency? |
YMCA 3 minute step test, Rockport walk test |
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What are three methods of assessing body fat percentage? |
Underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, and skin-fold measurements |
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What do you call measurable data regarding a clients physical state such as body composition, movement assessments, and cardio respiratory ability? |
Objective information |
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What is the BMI range for a person who has a very high risk of disease? |
35.0-39.99 |
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What are two main calf muscles that are responsible for concentrically accelerating plantar flexion? |
Gastrocnemius and Soleus |
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Name the muscle that is responsible for concentrically accelerating hip extension and external rotation? |
Gluteus Maximus |
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What do you call information gathered from a client that includes their occupation, lifestyle, and medical background? |
Subjective Information |
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During an overhead squat assessment what are the probable overactive muscles when the feet turn out? |
Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and bicep Femoris (short head) |
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During an overhead squat assessment what are the probable overactive muscles when the knees move inward ? |
Adductor complex, bicep Femoris (short head), tensor fascia, vastus Lateralis |
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During an overhead squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when there is an excessive forward lean? |
Soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominal complex |
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Name the class of medication that decreases heart rate and blood pressure |
Beta-blocker |
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What is an indicator that a female client's ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for extended periods of time based on occupation |
Wearing dress shoes (high heels) |
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Name three postural distortion patterns that might be seen during static postural assessment |
Pronation distortion syndrome, lower crossed syndrome, upper crossed syndrome |
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During an overhead squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the low back arches? |
Hip flexor complex, erector Spinae, latissimus dorsi |
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During an overhead squat assessment what are the probable overactive muscles when the clients arms fall forward? |
Latissimus Dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major/minor |
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During a pushing assessment what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's shoulder elevate and/or the head moves forward? |
Upper trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, and locator scapulae |
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During a pushing assessment what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's shoulder elevate and/or the head moves forward? |
Upper trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, and locator scapulae |
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During a overhead squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles if a client's feet turn out? |
Medial gastrocnemius Medial hamstring complex Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus |
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During a pushing assessment what are the probable overactive muscles when a client's shoulder elevate and/or the head moves forward? |
Upper trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, and locator scapulae |
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During a overhead squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles if a client's feet turn out? |
Medial gastrocnemius Medial hamstring complex Gracilis Sartorius Popliteus |
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What are the probable under active muscles when a a client's arms fall forward during an overhead squat assessment? |
Middle/lower trapezius Rhomboids Rotator cuff |
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What are the probable under active muscles when a clients knees move inward during an overhead squat assessment |
Gluteus Medius/Maximus Vastus Medialis oblique |
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After assessing a client's overhead squat which muscles should you have them foam roll and stretch? |
Overactive muscles |
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After assessing a client's overhead squat which muscles should you have them foam roll and stretch? |
Overactive muscles |
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After assessing a client's overhead squat, which muscles should you have them strengthen? |
Underactive muscles |
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After assessing a client's overhead squat which muscles should you have them foam roll and stretch? |
Overactive muscles |
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After assessing a client's overhead squat, which muscles should you have them strengthen? |
Underactive muscles |
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Name the assessment that measures lower extremity agility and neuromuscular control |
Shark skill test |
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Name 2 conditions in which beta-blockers might be prescribed |
High blood pressure and arrhythmias |
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Name 2 conditions in which beta-blockers might be prescribed |
High blood pressure and arrhythmias |
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What muscle action develops tension while lengthening and prevents resistance from accelerating in an uncontrolled manner? |
Eccentric |
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Name the imaginary bisector that divides the body into right and left halves |
Sagittal plane |
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This movement primarily occurs from side to side, as if there were a wall in front of and behind the body |
Frontal plane movement |
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This movement primarily occurs from side to side, as if there were a wall in front of and behind the body |
Frontal plane movement |
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Name the energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body |
ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate |
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What is the starting zone of cardio respiratory training when a client scores poor during the YMCA 3 minute step test |
Zone one |
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What is the starting zone of cardio respiratory training when a client scores average on the ymca 3 minute step test |
Zone two |
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What information can be provided to the health and fitness professional by knowing the client's occupation? |
Common movement patterns |
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What relevant information can you learn about a client based on their occupation and movement capacity? |
Extended periods of sitting, repetitive movements, dress shoes, mental stress |
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Which muscles have decreased neural control once a client has had an ankle sprain? |
Gluteus Maximus and gluteus Medius |
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What muscle action develops when a muscle exerts more force than is placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle? |
Concentric |
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This chamber of the heart gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs |
Left atrium |
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This chamber of the heart gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs |
Left atrium |
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Give the straight percentage method equation for calculating a client's target heart rate |
(220-client's age) x desired intensity |
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Name the muscles involved in respiratory inspiration |
Diaphragm External intercostals Scalenes Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis Minor |
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What are three guideline for the health and fitness professional when taking the radial pulse of a client? |
Touch should be gentle, take the pulse when the client is calm, take pulse over the course of 3 days (same time each day) and average the results to ensure accuracy |
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Name the functional unit of the muscle that lies in the space between two Z lines. It produces muscular contraction and is formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin |
Sacomere |
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The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces |
Biomechanics |
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The heart rate training zone between 65 to 75% that builds an aerobic base and aids in recovery |
Zone 1 |
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The heart rate training zone between 76 to 85% that increases both aerobic and anaerobic endurance |
Zone 2 |
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The heart rate training zone between 86-95% that builds high end work capacity |
Zone 3 |
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Represents the pressure within the arterial system after the heart contracts |
Systolic blood pressure |
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Represents the pressure within the arterial system when the heart is resting and filling with blood |
Diastolic blood pressure |
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Represents the pressure within the arterial system when the heart is resting and filling with blood |
Diastolic blood pressure |
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The method of measuring body fat percentages that conducts an electrical current through the body to measure fat |
Bioelectrical impedence |
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What are the four skin-fold sites tested when using the durnin-womersley formula for body fat assessment? |
Biceps Triceps Subscapular Iliac crest |
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What is the waist to hip ratio for males and females that put them at a greater risk for disease? |
A ratio greater than .95 for males and greater than .80 for females |
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What is the waist to hip ratio for males and females that put them at a greater risk for disease? |
A ratio greater than .95 for males and greater than .80 for females |
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Muscles that assist the prime mover |
Synergists |
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Risk for disease increases when an overweight person's BMI level is |
25 or greater |
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Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissue |
Mechanoreceptors |
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What is the amount of time recovery pulse is taken after completing the YMCA 3 minute step test? |
Within 5 seconds of completing the exercise, take the client's pulse for 60 seconds |
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What is the amount of time recovery pulse is taken after completing the YMCA 3 minute step test? |
Within 5 seconds of completing the exercise, take the client's pulse for 60 seconds |
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What is the level that a client is instructed to squat to when performing the overhead squat assessment? |
Height of a chair |
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Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change |
Golgi tendon organs |
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Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change |
Muscle spindles |
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On which client's should health and fitness professionals avoid the use of skin fold calipers to measure body fat? |
Very overweight clients |
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The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length |
Length-tension relationship |
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The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length |
Length-tension relationship |
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What is the functional unit of the nervous system? |
Neuron |
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The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length |
Length-tension relationship |
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What is the functional unit of the nervous system? |
Neuron |
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The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover |
Synergistic dominance |
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The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length |
Length-tension relationship |
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What is the functional unit of the nervous system? |
Neuron |
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The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover |
Synergistic dominance |
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The process in which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles |
Autogenic inhibition |
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Compensations observed during the overhead squat assessment from the lateral view |
Low back arches, excessive lean forward, arms fall forward |
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Compensations observed during the overhead squat assessment from the lateral view |
Low back arches, excessive lean forward, arms fall forward |
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Compensations observed during the overhead squat assessment from the anterior view |
Feet turn out and knees move inward |
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Name some of the benefits of circumference measurements |
Can be used on obese clients good for comparison and progressions, good for assessing fat patterns and distribution, inexpensive, easy to record |
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Name the system of the human movement system (kinetic chain) |
Nervous system, muscular system, skeletal system |
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The involved structures and mechanisms that the nervous system uses to gather sensory information and integrate it with previous experiences to produce a motor response |
Motor control |
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What are some primary causes of muscle imbalance? |
Postural stress Emotional duress Repetitive movement Cumulative trauma Poor training technique |
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What are some primary causes of muscle imbalance? |
Postural stress Emotional duress Repetitive movement Cumulative trauma Poor training technique |
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Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform client's about the outcome of their performance |
Knowledge of results |
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What are some primary causes of muscle imbalance? |
Postural stress Emotional duress Repetitive movement Cumulative trauma Poor training technique |
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Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform client's about the outcome of their performance |
Knowledge of results |
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The energy pathway used in moderate to high intensity activities that can only be sustained for 30 to 50 seconds |
Glycolysis |
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What are some primary causes of muscle imbalance? |
Postural stress Emotional duress Repetitive movement Cumulative trauma Poor training technique |
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Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform client's about the outcome of their performance |
Knowledge of results |
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The energy pathway used in moderate to high intensity activities that can only be sustained for 30 to 50 seconds |
Glycolysis |
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Repeated practice of motor control processes, which leads to a change in the ability to produce skilled movements |
Motor learning |
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What are some primary causes of muscle imbalance? |
Postural stress Emotional duress Repetitive movement Cumulative trauma Poor training technique |
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Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform client's about the outcome of their performance |
Knowledge of results |
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The energy pathway used in moderate to high intensity activities that can only be sustained for 30 to 50 seconds |
Glycolysis |
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Repeated practice of motor control processes, which leads to a change in the ability to produce skilled movements |
Motor learning |
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What are possible injuries associated with lower crossed syndrome ? |
Hamstring complex strain Anterior knee pain Low back pain |
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Name movement compensations observed during a pushing assessment |
Low back arches Shoulders elevate Head migrates forward |
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Name movement compensations observed during a pushing assessment |
Low back arches Shoulders elevate Head migrates forward |
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When assessing a client during single-leg squat, from which vantage point should you view the client? |
Anterior |
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Name movement compensations observed during a pushing assessment |
Low back arches Shoulders elevate Head migrates forward |
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When assessing a client during single-leg squat, from which vantage point should you view the client? |
Anterior |
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Which muscle synergies (muscle groups) are primarily used in a shoulder press? |
Deltoid Rotator cuff Trapezius |
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Name movement compensations observed during a pushing assessment |
Low back arches Shoulders elevate Head migrates forward |
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When assessing a client during single-leg squat, from which vantage point should you view the client? |
Anterior |
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Which muscle synergies (muscle groups) are primarily used in a shoulder press? |
Deltoid Rotator cuff Trapezius |
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The name of the receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint |
Joint receptors |
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Name movement compensations observed during a pushing assessment |
Low back arches Shoulders elevate Head migrates forward |
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When assessing a client during single-leg squat, from which vantage point should you view the client? |
Anterior |
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Which muscle synergies (muscle groups) are primarily used in a shoulder press? |
Deltoid Rotator cuff Trapezius |
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The name of the receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint |
Joint receptors |
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Altered reciprocal inhibition, synergistic dominance, and arthrokinetic dysfunction all lead to this |
Muscle imbalance |
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The ability of the neuromuscular system to properly recruit muscles to produce force concentrically, reduce force eccentrically and isometric ally stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion |
Neuromuscular efficiency |
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A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia, and surrounds the muscle |
Epimysium |
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A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia, and surrounds the muscle |
Epimysium |
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What are the three support mechanisms of blood |
Transportation, regulation, and |
