Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Family-level
Environment |
very little to no anthropogenic (manmade) changes to the environment
generally nomadic scattered resources and variable |
|
|
Family-level
Population |
< 1 person / sq. mile
control pop growth → spaced out births because of large amount of energy needed to raise a child → long nursing period → female infanticide → protein deficiency (possibility) → extreme amount of activity (nomadic) lowers fertility |
|
|
Family-level
Technology |
personal and simple technology:
→ bows and arrows → digging sticks → baskets |
|
|
Family-level
Soc Org of Prod |
complimentary male/female roles
no social circumscription generalized reciprocity bilateral kinship |
|
|
Family-level
Warfare and Territoriality |
virtually nonexistent
|
|
|
Family-level
Political Integration |
flexible group composition → gather in times of scarcity, fission in times of abundance
|
|
|
Family-level
Stratification |
egalitarian
leaders emerge temporarily |
|
|
Family-level
Sanctity |
shamanistic healing rituals
|
|
|
Family-level
Risk Management |
generalized reciprocity → if there is a shortage one can expect to be given resources by their neighbors if they have always given to them
nomadism so as to not overuse resources flexibility of group composition → gather in times of scarcity, fission in times of abundance |
|
|
Shoshone
Environment |
The Great Basin
nomadic microenvironments extreme seasons scarce resources broad-spectrum foragers limited large game hunting |
|
|
Shoshone
Population |
• 1 person / 16 sq. miles
|
|
|
Shoshone
Technology |
simple
digging sticks, baskets, bows and arrows limited irrigation storage facilities |
|
|
Shoshone
Soc Org of Prod |
“kin clique” = individual family as main unit
Rabbit drives |
|
|
Shoshone
Warfare and Territoriality |
• warfare virtually nonexistent
|
|
|
Shoshone
Political Integration |
trade for food and raw materials
|
|
|
Shoshone
Stratification |
egalitarian
rabbit bosses |
|
|
Shoshone
Sanctity |
seasonal ceremonies
antelope shaman to attract souls of the animals fandango festival in times of abundance |
|
|
!Kung
Environment |
Kalahari Desert
scattered resources water limited foragers limited large game hunt nomadic recognize 5 seasons |
|
|
!Kung
Population |
< 1 person per 10 sq. mile
|
|
|
!Kung
Technology |
simple, multipurpose
spears, digging sticks, carrying baskets |
|
|
!Kung
Soc Org of Prod |
bilateral kinship -> flexible suprafamily
complementary gender roles |
|
|
!Kung
Warfare and Territoriality |
warfare virtually nonexistent
|
|
|
!Kung
Political Integration |
hxaro = networks of exchange between camps and families across the region
gather around resources when scarce |
|
|
!Kung
Stratification |
egalitarian
leader with influential power |
|
|
!Kung
Sanctity |
shamanism
ritual for social ties between groups |
|
|
Machiguenga
Environment |
The Peruvian Amazon
tropical horticulturalists rainforest households are semi-sedentary |
|
|
Machiguenga
Population |
0.8 person / sq. mile
villages of 3-5 households |
|
|
Machiguenga
Technology |
bows and arrows
hardwoods and palms for house building extensive horticulture slash-and-burn |
|
|
Machiguenga
Soc Org of Prod |
household basic unit of production
complimentary gender roles division of labor by age polygamous generalized reciprocity |
|
|
Machiguenga
Warfare and Territoriality |
groups fission until hostilities cool
no territory |
|
|
Machiguenga
Political Integration |
band together into villages when resources are scattered
split to households when resources are abundant |
|
|
Machiguenga
Stratification |
egalitarian
hierarchy within family |
|
|
Machiguenga
Sanctity |
beer fest during full moon, discuss range of issues from lighthearted things to planning political endeavors
|
|
|
Nganasan
Environment |
Northern Central Siberia
frozen tundra semi-sedentary → move when reindeer do |
|
|
Nganasan
Population |
low-medium density
|
|
|
Nganasan
Technology |
domesticated animals - esp. reindeer
sleds, tents, skins, firewood food storage for winter |
|
|
Nganasan
Soc Org of Prod |
seasonal camps
men go on hunting expeditions for days women domesticate food |
|
|
Nganasan
Warfare and Territoriality |
nonexistent
|
|
|
Nganasan
Political Integration |
communal hunts in spring & fall
family is autonomous |
|
|
Nganasan
Stratification |
informal leadership when sharing tents
|
|
|
Nganasan
Sanctity |
not discussed
|
