1. Eukaryotic Cells And Organelles

Front 1

What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Back 1

Eukaryotic cells are more complex and with other eukaryotic cells make eukaryotes where as prokaryotic cells make up the single celled prokarotes and are less complex, however both types contain organelles

Front 2

What are organelles?

Back 2

Organelles are part of cells which have a specific function for the cell

Front 3

What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?

Back 3

Plant, animal, algal, and fungal cells are eukaryotic cells

Front 4

What organelles are found in animal cells?

Back 4

Plasma-membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, ribosomes, nuclear envolope, nucleolus, nucleus, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, mitochondrian, and smooth enoplasmic reticulum are the organelles found inside animal cells

Front 5

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don't?

Back 5

Cellulose cell wall which has plasmodesmata that are involved with exchanging substances between adjacent cells, vacuoles which are fluid filled compartments, and chloroplasts which are involved in photosynthesis

Front 6

What do algae and plants have in common?

Back 6

They both photosynthesize

Front 7

What makes algae cells different to plant cells?

Back 7

Their chloroplasts vary in shape and size, they can have one singular large chloroplast, algae can also take the form of unicellular organisms like chlorella or multicellular like seaweed

Front 8

What organelles do algae cells have?

Back 8

The same as plant cells

Front 9

What similarity do fungal cells have to algal cells?

Back 9

They can both be multicellular or unicellular

Front 10

What are the differences between the organelles in fungal cells and algal cells?

Back 10

Fungal cells have cell walls made of chitin and they have no chloroplasts

Front 11

Describe the cell-surface membrane/plasma membrane and say what its function is

Back 11

The cell surface membrane is found on the surface of animal cells and is mainly made of proteins and lipids, it controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell, it also has receptor molecules on it

Front 12

Describe the nucleus and what its function is

Back 12

The nucleus is a large organelle that has a nuclear envolope surrounding it, the envolope has many pores in it, the nucleus contains chromosomes which are made of DNA and also one or more nucleolus's. The nucleus controls what the cell does as it has the DNA that is an instruction on how proteins are to be formed in a specific order, the pores in the envolope allows substances to move in and out

Front 13

Describe the mitochondrion and its function

Back 13

The mitochondrion is normally shaped like and oval, it has a double membrane and the inner one is folded giving it a large surface area, the inside of the mitochondrion contains enzymes involved in respiration. The mitochondrion is where aerobic respiration happens which produces ATP which is a common energy source for cells

Front 14

Describe the chloroplast and what its purpose is

Back 14

The chloroplast is small and flattened and is only found in plant/algal cells. Chloroplasts have a double membrane and has thylakoid membranes inside of it, the membranes stack up with each other to form grana which have large surface areas and are linked together by lamellae. Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place, some parts of photosynthesis happen in the lamella and some in the stroma which is a thick fluid inside the chloroplast

Front 15

Describe and explain the function of the golgi apparatus

Back 15

The golgi apparatus is a group of fluid filled membranes and also has vesicles often on the edge of it, they process and package new lipids and proteins and also makes lysosomes

Front 16

Describe the golgi vesicle and how does it function?

Back 16

The golgi vesicle is a small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane and is produced by the golgi apparatus, the golgi vesicle stores lipids and proteins which are made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

Front 17

What is a lysosome and how does it work?

Back 17

A lysosome is a round organelle surrounded by a membrane. It contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes which are used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell

Front 18

What does a ribosome do and what does it look like?

Back 18

Ribosomes are very small organelles that float freely in the cytoplasm or are attached to the RER. it is made of protein and RNA and performs protein synthesis.

Front 19

What does the RER do and also describe it

Back 19

The RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) is a system of membranes covered in ribosomes. Its purpose is to fold and process proteins made by ribosomes.

Front 20

What is the purpose of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) and what does it look like?

Back 20

The SER has the same structure as the RER but it has no ribosomes. Its purpose is to synthesise ad produce lipids.

Front 21

What is the cell wall and how does it function?

Back 21

The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds plant, fungi, and algae cells. It is made from cellulose in algae and plants and chitin in fungi. its purpose is to provide structural support to the cell.

Front 22

What is a cell vacuole and what does it do?

Back 22

The cell vacuole is an organelle bound by a membrane found in the cytoplasm. It contains cell sap which contains sugar and salt. The cell vacuole helps to maintain pressure inside the cell to keep it rigid. The vacuole is also involved in isolating unwanted chemicals in the cell.

Front 23

Why do some cells have different amounts organelles to others?

Back 23

Cells have different amount of organelles as they are adapted to their function. For example a cell that used a lot of energy would have lots of mitochondria, or if it made lots of protein it would have lots of ribosomes.