1; Ch 10 Religion

Front 1

animism

Back 1

Belief in souls or doubles.

Front 2

cargo cults

Back 2

Postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain Euopean domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior.

Front 3

communal religions

Back 3

In Wallace's typology, these religions have in addition to shamanic cults communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage.

Front 4

communitas

Back 4

Intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experiencing liminality together.

Front 5

leveling mechanism

Back 5

Customs and social actions that operate to reduce differences in wealth and thus to bring standouts in line with community norms.

Front 6

liminality

Back 6

The critically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage.

Front 7

magic

Back 7

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims.

Front 8

mana

Back 8

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions.

Front 9

monotheism

Back 9

Worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being.

Front 10

Olympian religions

Back 10

In Wallace's typology, develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists professional priesthoods.

Front 11

animism

Back 11

Belief in souls or doubles.

Front 12

cargo cults

Back 12

Postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain Euopean domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior.

Front 13

communal religions

Back 13

In Wallace's typology, these religions have in addition to shamanic cults communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage.

Front 14

communitas

Back 14

Intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experiencing liminality together.

Front 15

leveling mechanism

Back 15

Customs and social actions that operate to reduce differences in wealth and thus to bring standouts in line with community norms.

Front 16

liminality

Back 16

The critically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage.

Front 17

magic

Back 17

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims.

Front 18

mana

Back 18

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions.

Front 19

monotheism

Back 19

Worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being.

Front 20

Olympian religions

Back 20

In Wallace's typology, develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists professional priesthoods.

Front 21

animism

Back 21

Belief in souls or doubles.

Front 22

cargo cults

Back 22

Postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain Euopean domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior.

Front 23

communal religions

Back 23

In Wallace's typology, these religions have in addition to shamanic cults communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage.

Front 24

communitas

Back 24

Intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experiencing liminality together.

Front 25

leveling mechanism

Back 25

Customs and social actions that operate to reduce differences in wealth and thus to bring standouts in line with community norms.

Front 26

liminality

Back 26

The critically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage.

Front 27

magic

Back 27

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims.

Front 28

mana

Back 28

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesian religions.

Front 29

monotheism

Back 29

Worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being.

Front 30

Olympian religions

Back 30

In Wallace's typology, develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists professional priesthoods.

Front 31

polytheism

Back 31

Belief in several deities who control aspects of nature.

Front 32

religion

Back 32

Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces.

Front 33

revitalization movements

Back 33

Movements that occur in times of change, in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society.

Front 34

rites of passage

Back 34

Culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another.

Front 35

shaman

Back 35

A part-time religious practitioner who mediates between ordinary people and supernatural beings and forces.

Front 36

taboo

Back 36

Prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions.
(i.e In Polynesia, mana wasn't potentially available to everyone but was attached to political offices. Chiefs and nobles had more mana than ordinary people. So charged were these chiefs with mana that contact with them was dangerous. Because they had so much mana, their bodies and possessions were taboo (sacred and off-limits to ordinary people).

Front 37

rituals

Back 37

Formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped. People perform them in special (sacred) places and at set times. Rituals include liturgical orders -- sequences of words and actions invented propr to the current performance of the ritual in which they occur. Rituals are 'social acts'. By taking part in a joint public act, the performers signal they accept a common moral and social order, one that transcends their status as individuals.

Front 38

totemism

Back 38

Totems can be animals, plants, or geographical features. Common in religions of Native Australians or Native Americans. Members of each totemic group believed themselves to be descendants of their totem. They had annual rites and ceremonies dedicated to the totem.
Totemism uses nature as a model for society. Totems are usually animals or plants, which are part of nature. People relate to nature through their totemic association with natural species. Because each group has a different totem, social differences mirror natural contrasts.
Totems are sacred emblems symbolizing common identity (North Pacific Coast Native Americans as well as universitites and sports teams)