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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bones form the |
skeleton joints form the passive locomotor system controlled by muscles |
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there are 2 parts: |
dense part spongy part - contains bone marrow |
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bone contains: |
blood vessels lymphatics nerves |
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does bone grow? |
yes, it's the subject of disease and can self-repair |
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bone constantly remodels to: |
preserve its mechanical efficiency |
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unnecessary bone is: |
removed e.g. the walls of an empty alveolus (tooth socket) disappears after tooth extraction |
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functions: |
supporting framework enables attachment muscle, essential for movement protects organs stores calcium and phosphorous creates blood cells which are formed in the bone marrow |
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Development: osteoblasts (mesenchymal cells) secrete |
osteoid (ground substance & collagen) |
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Development: bone develops from |
embryonic mesenchyme from either intramembranous ossification or chondral ossification |
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Development: intramembranous ossification |
bone develops from CT e.g facial bones, skull cap |
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Development: chondral ossification |
cartilage is replaced by bone. Occurs in the epipyses, which are the ends of long bones. Determination of bone or skeletal age. |
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epiphyseal plate is also the |
growth plate, which is necessary for growth in length |
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what is found just below the growth plate? |
metaphysis |
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bone markings: |
caput-head fossa-pit sulcus-groove incisura-notch |
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classification of bones: |
1. Long bones 2. Flat bones 3. Short bones 4. Irregular bones 5. Pneumatic bone 6. Sesamoid bone 7. Periosteum |
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1. Long bones |
such as the humerus, radius etc. has yellow or red bone marrow growth cartilages |
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2. Flat bones |
2 layers of compact bone and spongy material in the middle grows in 2 directions |
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3. Short bones |
carpal bones spongy core with compact material |
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4. Irregular bones |
vertebrae |
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5. Pneumatic bone |
air-filled bones with mucus ethmoid, maxilla (bones of the skull) |
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6. Sesamoid bone |
patella found in tendons |
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7. Periosteum |
all parts of bone that is not joint surface contains blood vessels, nerves and lymph rebuilding of bones start in periosteum by osteoblasts |
