1 A Uhcl Biochem Ii Exam3.1 - L4 Amino Acid Biosynthesis

Front 1

--- Nitrogen Fixation ---
1) Atmosphere make-up is *** N2.
2) Engine fixation produces...
3) Lightning fixation produces...

Back 1

1) 78.09%
2) NO and NO2
3) NO3-

Front 2

--- Nitrogen Fixation 10^12g/year ---
Non-Biological - ###
1) Industrial \ Combustion \ Lightning

Biological - ###
2) Agricultural \ Non-agricultural \ Sea

Back 2

80
1) 50/20/10

175
2) 90/50/35

Front 3

--- Nitrogen Fixation ---
1) Fixation of one N2 requires *** ATP.
2) Biological/Non-Biological fixes 2x as much N2 as the other.

Back 3

1) 16
2) Biological

175 B
VS
80 NonB

Front 4

--- Haber-Bosch Process ---
1) Industrial process producing ***
2) from reagents *** and ***.
3) ***-based catalyst
4) Temperature...
5) Pressure...

Back 4

1) Ammonia
2) N2 and H2
3) iron
4) 400-500°C
5) 200 ATM

Front 5

GOGAT?

Back 5

glutamATE synthase

Front 6

GS?

Back 6

GlutamINE Synthetase

Front 7

1 metric ton = ### grams

Back 7

1 000 000

Front 8

--- Ammonia Assimilation ---
Bacteria and Plants (not mammals) use these two sequential enzymes...

Back 8

(GS) GlutamINE Synthetase
and
(GOGAT) glutamATE synthase

Front 9

glutamATE synthase (GOGAT)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?

Back 9

1) glutamINE + α-ketogluarate + NADPH
2) glutamATE (2) + NADP+
3) NO

Front 10

GlutamINE Synthetase (GS)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?

Back 10

1) glutamATE + NH3 + ATP
2) glutamINE + ADP + Pi
3) YES

Front 11

GLutamATE DeHydrogenase (GLDH)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?

Back 11

1) α-ketogluarate + NH4 + (NADPH or NADH)
2) glutamATE + (NADP+ or NAD+)
3) YES

Front 12

--- Nitrogen Fixation ---
1) Mammals lack the enzyme *** which
2) converts *** into ***.

Back 12

1) glutamATE synthase (GOGAT)
2) glutamINE into (2)glutamATE

Front 13

Nitrate?

Back 13

NO3−

Front 14

Nitrite?

Back 14

NO2−

Front 15

NiR?

Back 15

Nitrite Reductase
NO3−
ITE

Front 16

NR?

Back 16

Nitrate Reductase
NO2−
ate

Front 17

-- Amino Group Xfer to all AA ---
1) Proceeds from the substrate *** via enzymatic action of a ***.

Back 17

1) glutamate --- transaminase

Front 18

-- Nitrate [NO3-] Reduction to Ammonia ---
1) Not found in ***.
2) Cytosolic NR (NitrATE Reductase) converts *** to ***.
3) Chloroplastic NiR (NitrITE Reductase) converts *** to ***.
4) e- come from *** in the photosynthetic ETC.

Back 18

1) animals
2) NO3- to NO2-
3) NO2- to NH4+
4) reduced ferredoxin

Front 19

-- Nitrate [NO3-] Reduction to Ammonia ---
1) Not found in ***.
2) Cytosol contains this enzyme...
3) Chloroplast contains this enzyme...

Back 19

1) NitrATE Reductase (NR)
2) NitrITE Reductase (NiR)

Front 20

Nitrate Reductase (NR)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?
4) Location?

Back 20

(Nitrate is NO3−)
1) NO3- + NADPH
2) NO2- + H2O
3) Nope
4) Cytosol

Front 21

Nitrite Reductase (NiR)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?
4) Location?

Back 21

(Nitrite is NO2−)
1) NO2- + 6e- + 8H+
2) NH4+ + (2)H2P
3) Nope
4) Chloroplast

Front 22

Ammonia?
Ammonium?

Back 22

NH3
NH4+

Front 23

-- Amino Group Xfer to all AA ---
1) Proceeds from the substrate *** via enzymatic action of a ***.

Back 23

1) glutamate --- transaminase

Front 24

-- Nitrate [NO3-] Reduction to Ammonia ---
1) Not found in ***.
2) Cytosolic NR (NitrATE Reductase) converts *** to ***.
3) Chloroplastic NiR (NitrITE Reductase) converts *** to ***.
4) e- come from *** in the photosynthetic ETC.

Back 24

1) animals
2) NO3- to NO2-
3) NO2- to NH4+
4) reduced ferredoxin

Front 25

-- Nitrate [NO3-] Reduction to Ammonia ---
1) Not found in ***.
2) Cytosol contains this enzyme...
3) Chloroplast contains this enzyme...

Back 25

1) NitrATE Reductase (NR)
2) NitrITE Reductase (NiR)

Front 26

Nitrate Reductase (NR)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?
4) Location?

Back 26

(Nitrate is NO3−)
1) NO3- + NADPH
2) NO2- + H2O
3) Nope
4) Cytosol

Front 27

Nitrite Reductase (NiR)
1) Reagents?
2) Products?
3) Used by mammals?
4) Location?

Back 27

(Nitrite is NO2−)
1) NO2- + 6e- + 8H+
2) NH4+ + (2)H2P
3) Nope
4) Chloroplast

Front 28

Ammonia?
Ammonium?

Back 28

NH3
NH4+

Front 29

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
The *** is a classic branched pathway.

Back 29

aspartate-family

Front 30

*** is a Compound that is...
1) a PPP intermediate
2) Involved w/synthesis of aromatic AAs

Back 30

erythrose-4-phosphate

Front 31

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
α-ketoglutarate is the starting substrate for...

Back 31

glutamate family AAs

Front 32

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
oxaloacetate is the starting substrate for...

Back 32

aspartate family AAs

Front 33

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
pyruvate is the starting substrate for...

Back 33

branched-chain group AAs

Front 34

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
3-phosphoglycerate is the starting substrate for...

Back 34

serine-glycine-cysteine group AAs

Front 35

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
phosphoenolpyruvate is the starting substrate for...

Back 35

aromatic family AAs
(also needs erythrose-4-phosphate)

Front 36

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
erythrose-4-phosphate is the starting substrate for...

Back 36

aromatic family AAs
(also needs phosphoenolpyruvate)

Front 37

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
In bacteria, Threonine (aspartate-family) serves as a precursor to *** (branched-chain AA).

Back 37

Isoleucine

Front 38

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
Glutamate Family AAs include...

Back 38

Glutamate
Glutamine
Proline
Arginine
(from α-ketoglutarate)

Front 39

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
Aspartate Family AAs include...

Back 39

Apartate
Asparagine
Methionine
Threonine
(from oxaloacetate)

Front 40

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
Branched-Chain Group AAs include...

Back 40

Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
(from pyruvate)

Front 41

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
3-Phosphoplycerate is the metabolic precursor of what AAs?

Back 41

Serine
Glycine
Cysteine

Front 42

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
Aromatic Family AAs include..

Back 42

Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
(from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate)

Front 43

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
These AAs are derived from α-ketoglutarate...

Back 43

Glutamate
Glutamine
Proline
Arginine

Front 44

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
These AAs are derived from oxaloacetate...

Back 44

Apartate
Asparagine
Methionine
Threonine

Front 45

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
These AAs are derived from pyruvate...

Back 45

Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

Front 46

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
These AAs are derived from 3-Phosphoplycerate...

Back 46

Serine
Glycine
Cysteine

Front 47

--- Amino Acid Synthesis Pathways ---
These AAs are derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate...

Back 47

Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine

Front 48

--- Vitamin B6 ---
1) Its active form is AKA ***.
2) Coenzyme in all *** reactions and a
3) coenzyme in some *** and *** reactions.

Back 48

1) Pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP)
2) transamination
3) decarboxylation and deamination

Front 49

--- Vitamin B6 ---
1) The *** group of PLP forms a *** linkage with the...
2) ε-amino group of a specific *** in the aminotransferase enzyme
3) and catalyzes what's called a *** (double-displacement) reaction.

Back 49

1) aldehyde --- Schiff-base
2) lysine
3) ping-pong

Front 50

--- Essential Amino Acids ---

Back 50

--- Essential Amino Acids ---

Front 51

--- Conditionally Essential Amino Acids ---

Back 51

--- Conditionally Essential Amino Acids ---

Front 52

--- NonEssential Amino Acids ---

Back 52

--- NonEssential Amino Acids ---

Front 53

--- Aspartate-Family Amino Acid Regulation ---

Back 53

--- Aspartate-Family Amino Acid Regulation ---