1 A Uhcl Biochem Ii Exam3.1 - L2 Synthesis Of Fatty Acids And Lipids

Front 1

--- Biosynthesis/Breakdown of Fatty Acids ---
1) Occur in different *** and ***.
2) Catalyzed by different sets of ***.
3) Only Biosynthesis uses the 3-C intermediate ***.

Back 1

1) pathways --- compartments
2) enzymes
3) malonyl-CoA

Front 2

--- Synthesis Of Fatty Acids ---
1) Biosynthesis Intermediate Malonyl-CoA is formed from *** and ***.
2) Vitamin B7 is AKA *** and is found in many carboxylation
3) enzymes including p*** / p***-CoA / a***-CoA carboxylase.

Back 2

1) Acetyl-CoA and Bicarbonate
2) Biotin
3) pyruvate/propionyl-CoA/acetyl-CoA

Front 3

--- Biotin in Fatty Acid Synthesis ---
1) Biotin is a prosthetic group in several enzyme catalyzed *** reactions.
2) It's produced by *** bacteria and scavenged from ***.
3) GI tract absorption prevented by glycoprotein *** found in ***(food).

Back 3

1) carboxylation
2) intestinal --- bodily waste
3) avidin --- raw egg-whites

Front 4

--- Biotin in Fatty Acid Synthesis ---
1) Avidin has highest known ligand Kds for Biotin which is ### to ###M.
2) Avidin's affinity for biotin is exploited in *** and other biochemical ***.

Back 4

1) 10 - 15 M
2) ELISA --- assays

Front 5

--- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase ---
1) Bacteria - ### subunits
2) Higher plants/animals - - ### subunits

Back 5

1) 3
2) 1

Front 6

--- Bacteria Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase ---
Polypeptide Subunits...
1) *** c*** protein
2) *** c***
3) ***

Back 6

1) biotin carrier protein
2) biotin carboxylase
3) transcarboxylase

Front 7

--- Fatty Acid Synthase ---
1) FAS I is found in...
2) and has ### different functional activities and a main product of ***.
3) FAS II is found in...
4) and has products that are...

Back 7

1) vertebrates
3) 7 --- palmitic acid (16:0)
2) bacteria and plants
4) more variable

Front 8

--- Synthesis Of Fatty Acids ---
1) Fatty Acids are assembled in ### steps.
2) When *** acid (#:#) forms it exits the cycle.
3) The acetyl group carbons... methyl C becomes C-#
4) and carboxyl C becomes C-# of the new F.A.

Back 8

1) four
2) palmitate --- 16:0
3) C-16
4) C-15

Front 9

--- F.A. Anabolism VS Catabolism ---
Beta-oxidation
1) Electron acceptor?
2) Carrier for acyl groups?
Fatty Acid Synthesis
3) Electron donor?
4) Carrier intermediates?

Back 9

1) NAD and FAD
2) CoA
3) NADPH
4) Two different -SH groups

Front 10

--- Active Sites of Fatty Acid Synthase ---
1) Yeast - ### large polypeptide.
2) Vertebrates - ### large polypeptide.
3) In ***, its activity requires interaction of both polypeptides.

Back 10

1) two
2) one
3) Vertebrates

Front 11

--- Acyl Carrier Protein ---
1) The *** prosthetic group is a flexible arm tethering the growing
2) FA chain to the surface of the fatty acid *** complex carrying
3) reaction intermediates from...

Back 11

1) 4 '-phosphopantetheine
2) synthase
3) one enzyme active to the next

Front 12

--- Fatty Acid Synthase ---
1) It is composed of # enzymes and ***.
2) The flexible *** arm of *** reaches all active sites and
3) carrying the growing *** *** chain from one site to the next.

Back 12

1) 6 --- ACP
2) pantetheine of ACP
3) fatty acyl

Front 13

--- NADPH Sources for FA Biosynthesis ---
Adipose Tissue
1) 1st from the action of *** ***
2) 2nd from the...
3) In *** Tissues this order is reversed.

Back 13

1) malic enzyme
2) PPP(pentose phosphate pathway)
3) Liver/Mammary Tissues

Front 14

--- Fatty Acid Catabolism ---
Beta-Oxidation is down-regulated in diets w/sufficient ***.

Back 14

carbohydrates

Front 15

--- Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ---
1) *** is the first enzyme in F.A. synthesis.
2) *** limits the transport of F.A. into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation.

Back 15

1) ACC (Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase)
2) Carnitine Acyltransferase I

Front 16

--- Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ---
High-carbohydrate meal raises blood *** levels
(1) triggering *** release.
(2) ACC is *** becoming active which then
(3) catalyzes the formation of *** which inhibits
(4) carnitine *** I thereby stopping the F.A. shuttle.

Back 16

glucose
(1) insulin
(2) deP'ed
(3) malonyl-CoA (1st intermediate of F.A. synthesis)
(4) acyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(ACC)

Front 17

--- Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ---
When blood glucose levels drop
(5) *** release activates ***-dependent PKA which
(6) *** and inactivates the enzyme *** causing malonyl-CoA levels to
(7) fall and the resumption of the F.A shuttle into the *** *** AND
(8) becoming the major fuel.

Back 17

(5) glucagon --- cAMP
(6) Ps -- ACC
(7) mitochondrial matrix
(8)

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(ACC)

Front 18

--- Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ---
Glucagon...
1) Triggers the mobilization of fatty acids in *** tissue.
2) Causes the enzyme *** to be P'ed becoming *** which....
3) starts the F.A. *** and subsequent metabolism of F.A. .

Back 18

1) adipose
2) ACC --- inactive.
3) shuttle

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(ACC)

Front 19

--- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) ---
Allosteric Inhibition
1) ***
Allosteric Activation
2) ***

Back 19

1) palmitoyl-CoA
2) Citrate
3)
4)

Front 20

--- Fatty Acid Desaturation ---
Vertebrates
1) Performed by a *** type enzyme located on the
2) *** face of the ***(organelle). Both
3) *** and *** undergo oxidation by Molecular Oxygen.

Back 20

1) Mixed-Function Oxidase
2) lumenal face --- smooth ER
3) fatty acyl-CoA and NADPH

Front 21

--- Other Fatty Acids ---
1) Omega-3s are ***unsaturated F.A.s with a
2) double bond after the ### C atom from
3) the *** end of the C-chain.

Back 21

1) poly
2) 3rd
3) methyl

Front 22

--- Omega Fatty Acids ---
Omega-3 fatty acids synthesized from ALA
1) ***
2) ***
Omega-6 fatty acids synthesized from LA
3) ***
4) ***

Back 22

1) (EPA) EicosaPentaenoic Acid
2) (DHA) DocosaHexaenoic Acid
3) (AA) Arachidonic Acid
4) ---

Front 23

--- Omega Fatty Acids ---
1) Linoleic Acid (LA) is an ***-# fatty acid
2) α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) is an ***-# fatty acid
3) Both are considered *** fatty acids.

Back 23

1) omega-6
2) omega-3
3) essential

Front 24

Phosphatidate Is the Precursor of Both *** and ***.

Back 24

Triglycerides and Glycerophospholipids

Front 25

LA?

Back 25

Linoleic Acid

Front 26

ALA?

Back 26

α-Linolenic acid

Front 27

*** Is the Precursor of Both Triglycerides and Glycerophospholipids

Back 27

Phosphatidate