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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Each cell of the cardiac muscle can initiate a beat:
a) Contractility b) Conductivity c) Excitability d) Automaticity |
d) Automaticity
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Heart cells respond mechanically to electrical impulses:
a) Contractility b) Conductivity c) Excitability d) Automaticity |
a) Contractility
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Heart cells can transmit impulses in an orderly manner:
a) Contractility b) Conductivity c) Excitability d) Automaticity |
b) Conductivity
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Heart cells can be electrically stimulated to contract:
a) Contractility b) Conductivity c) Excitability d) Automaticity |
c) Excitability
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Contractility:
a) each cell of the cardiac muscle can initiate a beat b) heart cells respond mechanically to electrical impulses c) heart cells can transmit impulses in an orderly manner d) heart cells can be electrically stimulated to contract |
b) heart cells respond mechanically to electrical impulses
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Excitability:
a) each cell of the cardiac muscle can initiate a beat b) heart cells respond mechanically to electrical impulses c) heart cells can transmit impulses in an orderly manner d) heart cells can be electrically stimulated to contract |
d) heart cells can be electrically stimulated to contract
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Automaticity:
a) each cell of the cardiac muscle can initiate a beat b) heart cells respond mechanically to electrical impulses c) heart cells can transmit impulses in an orderly manner d) heart cells can be electrically stimulated to contract |
a) each cell of the cardiac muscle can initiate a beat
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Conductivity:
a) each cell of the cardiac muscle can initiate a beat b) heart cells respond mechanically to electrical impulses c) heart cells can transmit impulses in an orderly manner d) heart cells can be electrically stimulated to contract |
c) heart cells can transmit impulses in an orderly manner
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Impulse begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node which is located in the upper right atrium. Then this impulse travels down the conduction system to the:
a) bundle of HIS b) bundle branches c) Purkinje Fibers d) atrioventricular (AV) node |
d) atrioventricular (AV) node
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Impulse begins in SA (R-upper atrium) travels down conduction system to AV & spreads through the:
a) bundle branches b) Bachmans Bundle c) Purkinje fibers d) bundle of HIS |
d) bundle of HIS
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Impulse begins in SA (R-upper atrium) travels down conduction system to AV, spreads through the Bundle of HIS & then to the:
a) R & L bundle branches b) left atrium c) Purkinje fibers d) R & L ventricles |
a) R & L bundle branches
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Impulse begins in SA (R-upper atrium) travels down conduction system to AV, spreads through the Bundle of HIS to the R & L bundle branches to the?
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Purkinje Fibers
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The impulse is spread through the ventricles via:
a) SA b) AV c) Bundle of HIS d) R & L bundle branches e) Purkinje fibers |
e) Purkinje fibers
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The AV node is located:
a) R-atrium b) L atrium c) roght ventricle d) left ventricle |
a) R-atrium
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Continuous monitoring is all of the following except:
a) generally uses only one or two of the 12 leads of the EKG b) The primary use is to determine rate c) Lead II & V1 (AKA MCL) are the most common leads used in continuous monitoring d) Continuous monitoring can be accomplished by hard wire monitor or by telemetry monitor |
b) The primary use is to determine rate
The primary use is to determine RHYTHM |
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Can be used to determine some parameters that indicate ST elevation (ischemia):
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Continuous monitoring
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Continuous monitoring can be accomplished by a?
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hard wire monitor or by telemetry monitor.
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Patient has electrodes applied to the chest wall & lead wires connect these electrodes to the monitor. The advantage is it generally provides a fairly clear picture but the disadvantage is it reduces the mobility of the patient.
a) Continuous monitoring b) Hard wire monitoring c) Telemetry monitoring |
b) Hard wire monitoring
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Telemetry monitoring uses electrode patches on chest like hard wire monitoring, but the wires are attached to a small device that can be placed in a pouch around the patient’s neck & are portable.
The advantage is mobility of the patient but the disadvantage is: a) not as clear of a picture as Hard wire monitoring b) patient can get out of range & picture quality is reduced c) sets off alarms frequently |
b) patient can get out of range & picture quality is reduced
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The electrical “noise” caused by loose electrodes, 60-cycle interference by other electrical equipment in the room, movement of the lead wires, or patient movement:
a) echo d) transduction c) artifact d) antiquity |
c) artifact
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EKG paper is standard & moves through the ECG machine at
a) a rate determined by the cardiologists b) 1 sec per 5 mV c) a standard rate d) 3 sec intervals |
c) a standard rate
"This paper is standard and moves through the ECG machine at a standard rate so that it is easy for us to measure the time it takes for an event to occur" |
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Each larger square of paper is divided into 5 small squares. The small squares measure:
a) 0.02 sec b) 0.20 sec c) 0.04 sec d) 0.40 sec |
c) 0.04 sec
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Each larger square on EKG paper is divided into 5 small squares measuring 0.04 sec, so a set of 5 of these equals 0.20 sec. Therefore, 5 large squares equals?
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5 large squares = 1 second
15 large squares = 3 seconds |
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Baseline = all waves begin &end at the baseline. A deflection above the baseline is positive & a deflection below is?
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negative
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The conduction of the electrical impulse for a single heart beat normally contains:
a) at least 2 waves b) P wave c) S wave c) five major waves |
c) five major waves
PQRST |
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The inside of a cell at "rest" is:
a) polarized b) depolarized |
a) polarized
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A polarized cell is:
a) high [] potassium & low []sodium b) high [] sodium & low []potassium |
a) high [] potassium & low []sodium
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When the inside of the cell becomes higher in Na+ compared to the outside it becomes:
a) repolarized b) depolarized |
b) depolarized
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A slow movement of K+ into the cell results in:
a) repolarization b) depolarization |
a) repolarization
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In the cardiac cycle, depolarization results in:
a) rest b) contraction |
b) contraction
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Repolarization corresponds with:
a) systole b) diastole |
b) diastole
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Systole:
a) rest/filling of chamber b) contraction/ejecting blood |
b) contraction/ejecting blood
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The P-wave represents:
a) repol of R&L atria b) depol of R&L atria |
b) depol of atria
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QRS complex usually contains three waves, the Q, R, & S waves & thought of as a unit. This complex represents:
a) repolarization of ventricles b) depolarization of the ventricles |
b) depolarization of the ventricles
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The repolarization of the atria is "buried" here:
a) PR interval b) QRS complex c) QT interval |
b) QRS complex
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The T wave follows the QRS complex & represents:
a) repol of ventricles b) depol of ventricles |
a) repol of ventricles
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PR interval:
a) end of P wave to end of QRS interval b) begining of P wave to end of QRS c) end of P-wave to beginning of QRS d) beginning of P-wave to beginning or QRS |
d) beginning of P-wave to beginning of QRS
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The PR interval is the beginning of the P-wave to the beginning of QRS. Normal is:
a) 0.12 seconds or less than 3 b) 0.12 to 0.20 second c) 0.20 second or less than 1 d) 0.12 to 2 second |
b) 0.12 to 0.20 second
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QRS interval:
a) end of P wave to end of S wave (when S wave meets baseline) b) beginning of Q wave to end of R wave (the point where where the S wave begins to upstroke) c) beginning of Q wave to where S wave meets baseline d) beginning of R wave if Q wave is not visible to the place where the S wave meets the baseline or would meet the baseline if it did not curve into the ST segment |
c) beginning of Q wave to where S wave meets baseline
OR: d) beginning of R wave if Q wave is not visible to the place where the S wave meets the baseline or would meet the baseline if it did not curve into the ST segment |
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The normal QRS interval is:
a) less than 0.12 sec (less than 3 sm squares) b) less than 0.20 sec (less than 5 sm squares) c) less than 0.08 sec (less than 2 sm squares) d) greater than 0.16 sec & less than 0.20 sec (greater than 4 sm squares & less than 5 sm squares) |
a) less than 0.12 sec (less than 3 sm squares)
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ST segment:
a) end of the S wave to beginning of T wave b) beginning of S wave to end of T wave c) end of S wave to end of T wave d) beginning of the S wave to beginning of T wave |
a) end of S wave to beginning of the T wave
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True / False
The ST segment may be flat (normal). True / False The ST segment can be elevated or depressed. |
True
True |
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The PR interval is the beginning of the P-wave to the beginning of QRS. Normal is:
a) 0.12 seconds or less than 3 b) 0.12 to 0.20 second c) 0.20 second or less than 1 d) 0.12 to 2 second |
b) 0.12 to 0.20 second
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QRS interval:
a) end of P wave to end of S wave (when S wave meets baseline) b) beginning of Q wave to end of R wave (the point where where the S wave begins to upstroke) c) beginning of Q wave to where S wave meets baseline d) beginning of R wave if Q wave is not visible to the place where the S wave meets the baseline or would meet the baseline if it did not curve into the ST segment |
c) beginning of Q wave to where S wave meets baseline
OR: d) beginning of R wave if Q wave is not visible to the place where the S wave meets the baseline or would meet the baseline if it did not curve into the ST segment |
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The normal QRS interval is:
a) less than 0.12 sec (less than 3 sm squares) b) less than 0.20 sec (less than 5 sm squares) c) less than 0.08 sec (less than 2 sm squares) d) greater than 0.16 sec & less than 0.20 sec (greater than 4 sm squares & less than 5 sm squares) |
a) less than 0.12 sec (less than 3 sm squares)
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ST segment:
a) from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave b) from the beginning of the S wave to the end of the T wave c) from the end of the S wave to the end of the T wave d) from the beginning of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave |
a) from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave
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True / False
The ST segment may be flat (normal). True / False The ST segment can be elevated or depressed. |
True
True |
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QT interval:
a) end of P wave to beginning of T wave b) end of P wave to end of T wave c) beginning of QRS to end of T wave d) beginning of QRS to beginning of T wave |
c) beginning of QRS to end of T wave
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Normally the QT interval is less than half the R to R interval of that complex. If greater, it is called:
a) atrial fibrillation b) prolonged QT interval c) ventricular tachycardia d) Chaotic |
b) prolonged QT interval
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A disturbance in conduction usually in the AV node, Bundle of HIS, or bundle branches is a disturbance that is usually reflected in the:
a) PR interval b) QRS interval c) QT interval d) ST segment |
a) PR interval
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The period when the impulse travels through the atria, AV node, Bundle of HIS, & Purkinje fibers:
a) P wave b) QRS complex c) QRS interval d) PR interval |
d) PR interval
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Represents the time it takes for complete depolarization & repolarization of the ventricles:
a) QT interval b) QRS complex c) QRS interval d) PR interval |
a) QT interval
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Represents the time it takes for depolarization of both ventricles:
a) QT interval b) QRS complex c) QRS interval d) PR interval |
c) QRS interval
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The normal PR interval is:
a) 0.04 - 0.12 sec b) 0.12 - 0.20 sec c) 0.34 - 0.43 sec |
b) 0.12 - 0.20 sec
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The normal QRS interval is:
a) 0.04 - 0.12 sec b) 0.12 - 0.20 sec c) 0.34 - 0.43 sec |
a) 0.04 - 0.12 sec
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The normal QT interval is:
a) 0.04 - 0.12 sec b) 0.12 - 0.20 sec c) 0.34 - 0.43 sec |
c) 0.34 - 0.43 sec
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Conduction to the point just before the impulse leaves the Purkinje fibers takes place within the time of the:
a) PR interval b) QRS interval c) QT interval |
a) PR interval
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When the impulse emerges from the Purkinje fibers ventricular depol occurs & produces a mechanical contraxn of the ventricles which is reflected in the:
a) P wave b) QRS complex c) S wave d) T wave |
b) QRS complex
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Stimulation of of the vagus nerve causes a decreased rate of firing of the:
a) SA b) AV c) Bundle of HIS d) Purkinje fibers |
a) SA
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Stimulation of vagus nerve causes decreased rate of firing of SA node, slowed impulse conduction of AV node & decreased force of cardiac muscle contraction.
Components of the ______ that affect heart are R & L vagus nerve fibers of the para NS & fibers of the sympathetic NS. a) PNS (para NS) b) CNS (central NS) c) ANS (autonomic NS) |
c) ANS (autonomic NS)
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Normal rate of conduction from SA:
a) 60-100 times/minute b) 40-60 times a minute c) 02-40 times a minute |
a) 60-100 times/minute
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Normal rate of conduction from AV:
a) 60-100 times/minute b) 40-60 times a minute c) 20-40 times a minute |
b) 40-60 times a minute
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Normal rate of conduction from HIS-Purjinke system:
a) 60-100 times/minute b) 40-60 times a minute c) 20-40 times a minute |
c) 20-40 times a minute
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R-R intervals are considered to have normal rhythm if they vary less than:
a) 0.06 b) 0.20 c) 1 sec d) 3 sec |
a) 0.06
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To only determine if the rhythm is regular, measure the:
a) P-P b) PR intervals c) QT intervals d) R-R |
d) R-R
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There are four rhythms. Name them.
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Regular
Irregular Regularly irregular Irregularly irregular |
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Atrial rate is determined by the number of:
a) R waves seen b) T waves seen c) P waves seen d) QRS complexes seen |
c) P waves seen
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Ventricular rate is determined by the number of:
a) R waves seen b) T waves seen c) P waves seen d) QRS complexes seen |
a) R waves seen
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Should be the same as the patient’s pulse:
a) atrial rate b) venticular rate |
b) venticular rate
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What would be the cause of a differential in a Pt's ventricular rate vs their pulse?
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some beats are “not perfused”
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Basic Interpretation Guidelines of EKG strips begin with taking a general look at the rhythm strip & assessing if the complexes are generally the same. Then what?
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Then, systematically look at the appearance of P, QRS & T waves, & the ratio of P waves to QRS complexes
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Assessing P-waves:
Are P-waves _____ in the strip? Are P waves all _____? Do all P-waves _____ alike? Is there a P-wave _____ every QRS? Are the P - P intervals _____? |
present
upright look before equal |
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Assessing PR intervals:
Are PR intervals ____? Are all PR intervals ____? Are all PR intervals ___ ___ ___ for length? |
present
equal within normal limit |
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Sinus rhythms originate in the"
a) R Atrium b) conduction pathways of atria c) SA d) AV |
c) SA
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The only rhythm considered normal is?
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Normal Sinus Rhythm
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The rate of normal sinus rhythm is:
a) 20-40 b) 40-60 c) 60-80 d) 60-100 |
d) 60-100
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Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) is the only rhythm considered “normal”
Rate is between __-__ Rhythm is ____ The ___ wave is upright There is a p wave present for each ___ & a QRS present for each p wave PR interval range is __-__ seconds QRS interval is less than ___ All ___ ___ look alike |
60-100
regular P QRS 0.12 to 0.20 0.12 QRS complexes |
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Rate is less than 60
Rhythm is regular The P wave is upright There is a p wave present for each QRS & a QRS present for each p wave PR interval range is 0.12 - 0.20 seconds QRS interval is less that 0.12 All QRS complexes look alike a) normal sinus rhythm b) sinus brady c) sinus tachy d) sinus arrhythmia |
b) sinus brady
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Rate is over 100
Rhythm is regular The P wave is upright There is a p wave present for each QRS and a QRS present for each p wave PR interval range is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds QRS interval is less that 0.12 All QRS complexes look alike a) normal sinus rhythm b) sinus brady c) sinus tachy d) sinus arrhythmia |
c) sinus tachy
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Occurs when the SA node initiates all the electrical impulses, but at irregular intervals.
a) normal sinus rhythm b) sinus brady c) sinus tachy d) sinus arrhythmia |
d) sinus arrhythmia
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May change with respirations and is normal for infants and young children, but may indicate a diseased SA node or CAD in adults
a) normal sinus rhythm b) sinus brady c) sinus tachy d) sinus arrhythmia |
d) sinus arrhythmia
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Generally not serious unless CO decreases and the patient is medically unstable.
a) normal sinus rhythm b) sinus brady c) sinus tachy d) sinus arrhythmia |
d) sinus arrhythmia
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The P wave is upright, & present for ea QRS, a QRS is present for ea P wave. PR interval range is 0.12 - 0.20 sec. QRS interval is less than 0.12 & all QRS complexes look alike.
a) normal sinus rhythm b) sinus brady c) sinus tachy d) sinus arrhythmia |
d) sinus arrhythmia
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An individual complex that occurs earlier than the next expected complex in the underlying rhythm of which is generally sinus. It looks just like the rest of the beats of the strip, but comes early in the rhythm (P wave may look a little different) & is followed by a pause before the rhythm continues.
a) Atrial Flutter b) Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) c) Sinus Arrhythmia d) Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) |
d) Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)
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Sudden onset tachycardia w/a rate greater than 151. It is caused by an irritable site in the atria & beats look like the underlying rhythm, but the rate is faster. Must be able to see the beginning of the acceleration.
a) Atrial Flutter b) Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) c) Sinus Aarrhythmia d) Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) |
b) Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT)
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Occurs when a single irritable site in the atria initiates many electrical impulses at a rapid rate. Impulses are conducted so rapidly that normal p waves are not produced. EKG characteristics are saw-toothed, jagged flutter waves appearing on the rhythm strip rather than P waves. There is not a QRS present for each flutter wave & QRS complexes are usually less than 0.12 seconds & appear somewhat regularly through the rhythm. Can appear with a rate less than 60 w/a slow ventricular response or w/a rate from 100-150 w/a rapid ventricular response.
a) Atrial Flutter b) Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) c) Sinus Aarrhythmia d) Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) |
a) Atrial Flutter
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Occurs when there is general increase in irritability of all the cardiac cells of the atria b/c the atria are not completely depolarized w/ea impulse & are quivering - NOT forcefully contracting. There is no P wave, but rather there is a wavy, fibrillatory line between each QRS. Since there is no P wave, there is no PR interval.
a) Atrial Flutter b) Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) c) Atrial fibrillation d) Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) |
c) Atrial fibrillation
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Reflects an irregular rhythm & atrial rate may be as high as 350-500 (this is not a true contraction rate). Also, every once in a while, an impulse slips through & causes a ventricular beat.
a) Atrial Flutter b) Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) c) Atrial fibrillation d) Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) |
c) Atrial fibrillation
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Ventricular rate is less than 60 w/a slow ventricular response:
a) A-Fib b) A-Fib w/a rapid ventricular response c) Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation d) A-Fib w/a slow ventricular response |
d) A-Fib w/a slow ventricular response
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A ventricular rate of 60-100 is called:
a) A-Fib b) A-Fib w/a rapid ventricular response c) Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation d) A-Fib w/a slow ventricular response |
a) A-Fib
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Ventricular rate of 101-150 is called:
a) A-Fib b) A-Fib w/a rapid ventricular response c) Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation d) A-Fib w/a slow ventricular response |
b) A-Fib w/a rapid ventricular response
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Ventricular rate of over 150 is called:
a) A-Fib b) A-Fib w/a rapid ventricular response c) Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation d) A-Fib w/a slow ventricular response |
c) Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation
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When there is failure of the SA node to initiate an electrical impulses to cause the heart to contract, the:
a) AV node is the system's back up b) Sinus conduction pathway is the system's back up c) Bundle of HIS is the system's back up d) Purkinje fibers are the systems back up |
a) AV node is the system's back up
** The Purkinje system is also a secondary pacemaker in addition to the AV node. |
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If SA discharges an impulse more slowly than a secondary pacemaker, the electrical discharges from the secondary pacemaker will discharge an impulse at its own intrinsic rate. Rates of conduction from the SA node are 60-100 times/minute. Rates of conduction from secondary pacemakers are as follows:
a) AV 80-100/Purkinje 60-80 b) AV 60-80/Purkinje 40-60 c) AV 40-60/Purkinje 20-40 d) AV 20-40/Purkinje 10-20 |
c) AV 40-60/Purkinje 20-40
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Secondary pacemakers such as the AV at 40-60 times a minute & Purkinje system at 20-40 times a minute, can originate an impulse when they discharge more rapidly than the normal pacemaker of the SA node. Triggered beats, whether early or late, may come from an area in the atria, ventricles, or AV nodal area referred to as the:
a) intropic foci b) extrensic foci c) intropic focus d) ectopic focus |
d) ectopic focus
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Triggered beats may begin a run of?
a) arrhythmia b) dysrrhythmia |
a) arrhythmia
which replaces normal sinus rhythm |
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Rhythms that start in the AV area are called:
a) triggered beats b) ectopic focus c) junctional rhythms d) flutters |
c) junctional rhythms
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True / False
P waves are not reflected in EKG's with a junctional rhythm b/c the impulse was discharged from the AV node. |
False.
Sometimes this is true but not always. In some instances, the electrical impulse from the AV node travels back into the SA area & causes an impulse. However, the P wave will NOT be normal. These characteristic P wave changes are what identify a junctional rhythm |
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What makes a P wave invert?
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If the electrical impulse originates high in the AV node, the atria are depolarized rather quickly, but the electrical stimulus moves upward to them, rather than down from the SA node causing an inverted P wave.
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With an inverted P wave, the PR interval may be:
a) shorter b) longer |
a) shorter
The PR interval may also be shorter because the depolarization of the atria and the depolarization of the ventricles take place at closer to the same time |
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When the electrical impulse originates more toward the middle of the AV junctional area, the distance the impulse travels back to fire the atria &the distance the impulse moves down to fire the ventricles is more similar causing depolarization to occur at almost the same time.
This will reflect as a: a) inverted P wave b) buried P wave c) retrograde P wave |
b) buried P wave
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When the electrical impulse originates in the lower part of the AV junctional area, the distance the impulse travels to fire the atria is greater than the distance to fire the ventricles
a) inverted P wave b) buried P wave c) retrograde P wave |
c) retrograde P wave
P wave comes after the QRS !!! |
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The conduction pathway is the same as that in sinus rhythm but the sinus node discharges at a rate of less than 60 beats a minute:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
c) sinus brady
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The conduction pathway is the same as that in sinus rhythm but the rate from the sinus node is increased as a result of vagal inhibition or sympathetic stimulation.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
e) sinus tachy
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A contrxn originating from an ectopic focus in the atrium in a location other than the sinus node:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
a) premature atrial contraction
PAC |
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A ctrxn originating in the R or L atrium that travels across the atria by an abnormal pathway, creating a distorted P wave.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
a) premature atrial contraction
PAC |
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A tachyarrhythmia identified by recurring, regular, sawtooth shaped flutter waves & usually assoc. w/a slower ventricular response.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
d) atrial flutter
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AN arrhythmia that originates in the area of the AV node & may move in a retrograde fashon that produces an abnormal P wave occurring just before, after, or hidden in the QRS complex.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
b) junctional arrythmia
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AN arrhythmia originating in an ectopic focus anywhere above the bifurcation of the Bundle of HIS.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy
i) atrial fibrillation |
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Characterized by a total disorganization of atrial electrical activity w/out effective atrial contraction & may be chronic or intermittent.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
i) atrial fibrillation
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A normal sinus rhythm in aerobically trained athletes & also in others while asleep.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
c) sinus brady
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Associated w/over exertion, stress, caffeine & tobacco:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy
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Rarely occurs in a normal heart but is assoc. w/ CAD, hypertension. digitalis, quinidine, & epinephrine.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
d) atrial flutter
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Occurs in response to hypothermia, Valsalva maneuver, & administration of parasympathomimetic drugs
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
c) sinus brady
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Often assoc. w/the aerobically trained individual who has sinus brady.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
b) junctional arrhythmia
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Usually occurs in Pt's w/an underlying heart disease such as CAD, CHF, & pericarditis.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
i) atrial fibrillation
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In a normal heart this can result from emotional stress, caffeine, tobacco, or alcohol.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
a) premature atrial contraction
PAC |
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Associated w/physiologic stressors such as hypotension, hypovolemia, hypoxia, & hypoglycemia.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
e) sinus tachy
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Assoc./w hypothyroidism, increased intracranial pressure, obstructive jaundice, & inferior wall MI.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
c) sinus brady
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Can result from infection, inflammation, or an enlarged atrium.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
a) premature atrial contraction
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Rarely occurs in a normal heart but is assoc.w/ mitral valve disorders, pulmonary embolus, & chronic lung disease.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
d) atrial flutter
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May occur w/acute MI & dysfxn of of the SA.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
b) junctional arrythmia
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Usually occurs in Pt's w/underlying heart disease but is often ACUTELY caused by factors such as thyrotoxicosis, alcohol intox, caffeine use, lyte disturbances, stress & cardiac surgery.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
i) atrial fibrillation
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In a normal heart, this is assoc./wchanges in position, deep inspiration, & stimulants.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy
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In a normal heart, this can result from hyperthyroidism, COPD, CAD, & valvular disease.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
a) premature atrial contraction
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Is associated w/physiologic stressors such as exercise, pain, fever, & anemia.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
e) sinus tachy
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Associated w/digitalis toxicity, CAD, or cor pulmonale.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy
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HR is less than 60 bpm, rhythm is regular, P wave precedes ea. QRS, has normal contour & fixed interval. PR interval & QRS has normal contour & length.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
c) sinus brady
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The QRS complex has abnormal contour, PR interval is prolonged & it appears that either a P wave or T wave is missing. Perhaps a P wave is hidden in the T wave.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy
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The P wave has an abnormal shape, The PR interval & QRS complex is normal, & beats are 105. Rhythm is irregular.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
a) premature atrial contraction
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The P wave is absent, PR interval & QRS complex are not measurable, Rate & Rhythm are not measurable & are irregular.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
j) ventricular fibrillation
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The P wave is chaotic, the PR interval is not measurable & the QRS complex appears normal. However the rhythm is irregular w/ atrial rate at 352 & ventricular rate is 105.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
i) atrial fibrillation
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The P wave & PR interval are not visible & the QRS is wide & distorted. Rhythm is regular w/110 beats/minute.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
k) ventricular tachycardia
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The P wave is abnormal, PR interval varies, & the QRS complex is normal. Rate & rhythm is 44 bpm & regular.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
b) junctional arrythmia
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The atrial rhythm is regular & 350 bpm & ventricular rhythm is irregular at 120 bpm. The QRS complex appears normal but the PR interval varies with the P wave having a sawtooth appearance.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
d) atrial flutter
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The QRS complex is normal but the PR interval varies & the P wave has an abnormal shape. Rate & rhythm is 250 bpm & regular.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy
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The P wave is absent & the PR interval is not measurable. The QRS complex is distorted and wide. Rate & rhythm is 80 bpm & irregular.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
h) premature ventricular contraction
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Atrial rate may be as high as 350-600 bpm & the ventricular rate can vary from 50-180 bpm. Atrial rhythm is chaoitic & ventricular is usually irregular. P wave shows fibillatory waves but without definition. PR interval is not measurable but the QRS complex usually has a normal contour.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
i) atrial fibrillation
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Associated with stimulants like caffeine, alcohol, amiophylline, epinephrine, Isuprel, & digoxin.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
h) premature ventricular contraction
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Occurs in acute MI, myocardial ischemia & chronic diseases such as CAD & cardiomyopathy.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
j) ventricular fibrillation
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Associated w/significant electrolytes imbalances such as potassium. Also assoc.w/digitalis toxicity & CNS disorders.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
k) ventricular tachycardia
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Associated w/ hypokalemia, hypoxia, fever, exercise, & emotional stress.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
h) premature ventricular contraction
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May occur w/coronary reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy or during cardiac pacing or catheterization.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
j) ventricular fibrillation
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Associated w/accidental shock, hyperkalemia, hypoxemia, acidosis, & drug toxicity.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
j) ventricular fibrillation
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A ctrxn originating in an ectopc focus in the ventricles reflecting a premature QRS complex that is also distorted & wide.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
h) premature ventricular contraction
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A severe derangement of the heart rhythm reflecting irregular undulations of varying contour & amplitude which represents the firing of multiple ectopic foci in the ventricle.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
j) ventricular fibrillation
Mechanically the ventrical is simply quivering & NO effective ctrxn or cardiac output occurs. |
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Which of the following 2 conditions are TX w/atropine & may also require a pacemaker?
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
c) sinus brady
and ... m) 2nd degree heart block |
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The most common arrhythmia in the U.S. is:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
i) atrial fibrillation
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R-R may be reg or irreg & the ventricular rate is 100-250 bpm & rhythm can be regular or irregular. P wave may appear to "march" through the ventricular rhythm in AV dissociation OR it can occur after the QRS complex in a regular pattern of retrograde. PR is not measurable & QRS complex is distorted in contour & exceeds 0.12 & with ST-T pointing opposite TO the major QRS deflection.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia |
k) ventricular tachycardia
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Tachycardias can results from fever & possibly cause
a) increase in cardiac output & hypertension b) increase in cardiac output & hypotension c) decrease in cardiac output (CO) & hypotension d) decrease in cardiac output & hypertension |
c) decrease in cardiac output (CO) & hypotension
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A compensatory mechanism involved in heart failure leading to inappropriate fluid retention & an additional workload of the heart is:
a) ventricular dilation b) ventricular hypertrophy c) neurohormonal response d) sympathetic nervous system activation |
d) sympathetic nervous system activation
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Pt has pale cool skin, hypotension & weakness, angina, is dizzy, confused, & disoriented. Pt demonstrates shortness of breath.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
c) sinus brady
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Your Pt has S&S of dizziness dyspnea & hypotension. You know increased myocardial oxygen consumption is assoc. w/an increased HR & suspect:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
e) sinus tachy
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Your Pt has tachycardia & you know TX is based on the underlying cause. If your Pt is experiencing tachycardia from pain it should resolve with effective pain management. Likewise, Tx of hypovolemia would also resolve assoc. tachy. However, in certain situations which of the following would be used to reduce HR & decrease myocardial oxygen consumption:
a) IV adenosine (Adenocard) b) β-adrenergic blockers c) metoprolol (Lopressor) d) dopamine |
a) IV adenosine (Adenocard)
b) β-adrenergic blockers c) metoprolol (Lopressor) Lopressor is a β-adrenergic blocker Dopamine is used to INCREAE heart rate which might kill your patient here! |
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Adenosine (Adenocard)is a B-adrenergic blocker & used to reduce HR such as in Pt's experiencing tachycardia. When you administer this drug to YOUR Pt YOU will apply all of the following except:
a) anticipate that a brief period of asystole may be observed b) observe your Pt for flushing & dizziness c) observe your Pt for chest pain or palpitations d) monitor patient's ECG every hour |
d) monitor patient's ECG every hour
YOU will monitor Pt's EKG CONTINUOUSLY |
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True / False
Isolated PACs are not significant in persons with healthy hearts. |
True
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Constitutes one form of AV dissociation in which no impulses are conducted from the atria to the ventricles & of which the atria are stimulated & contract independently of the ventricles.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
l) 3rd degree heart block
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A type of AV block from which every impulse is conducted to the ventricles but the duration of AV conduction is prolonged & after the impulse moves through the AV node it is usually conducted normally through the ventricles:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
f) 1st degree AV Block
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A type of AV block in which there is a gradual lengthening of the PR interval which occurs because of the AV conduction time that is prolonged until an atrial impulse is nonconducted & a QRS complex is dropped. Occurs most commonly in the AV but may also occur in the HIS-Purkinje system.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
m) 2nd degree heart block
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Also known as the Wenckebach phenomenon:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
m) 2nd degree heart block
Type II |
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HR is normal/rhythm regular.
P wave normal, PR >0.20 (prolonged), QRS w/normal contour: a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
f) 1st degree AV Block
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Atrial rate usually sinus of 60-100 bpm & ventricular rate depends on location of the block (AV=40-60bpm/Purkinje system=20-40 bpm). Atrial & ventricular rhythms reg but asynchronous. P wave has a normal contour & PR interval is varible. No time relationship between the P wave & the QRS:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
l) 3rd degree heart block
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Atrial rate is usually normal & ventricular rate depends on the intrinsic rate & degree of the AV block. Sinus rhythm is regular & ventricular rhythm may be irregular. P wave is normal. PR interval can be normal or prolonged but remains fixed on conducted beats. QRS widens to >1.12 sec because of bundle branch block. Almost always occurs in the HIS-Purkinje system.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
m) 2nd degree heart block
Type II |
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Atrial rate is normal, but ventricular rate may be slower as a result of dropped QRS complexes. Once a ventricular beat is dropped, the cycle repeats itself w/a progressive lengthening of PR intervals until another QRS complex is dropped. EKG reflects rhythm as a pattern of grouped beats & ventricular rhythm is irregular. PR intervals progressivly lengthens before the nonconducted P occurs & P wave has anormal contour. The PR interval lengthens progressivly until a P wave is non conducted & a QRS complex is dropped. The QRS has normal contour & it's complex duration can be normal or prolonged.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
m) 2nd degree heart block
Type I -----Wenckeback |
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A type of block that is almost always transient & well tolerated but may be a warning for an impending significant AV conduction disturbance. Usually a result of myocardial ischemia in an inferior MI.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
m) 2nd degree heart block
Type I |
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A type of block that is an indication for therapy w/a permanent pacemaker, a poor prognosis, & may result in decreased CO w/subsequent hypotension & myocardial ischemia.
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
m) 2nd degree heart block
Type II |
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ALmost always results in reduced CO w/subsequent ischemia & heart failure. Syncope may result from severe bradycardia or even periods of asystole:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
l) 3rd degree heart block
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A contractxn originating in an ectopic focus in the ventricles & associated with the terms multifocal, unifocal, bigeminy, trigeminy, couplets, & triplets:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
h) premature ventricular contraction
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PVC's are the premature occurrence of a QRS complex which appears wide & distorted in shape. Those which are initiated from different foci & appear different in contour from each other are called:
a) multifocal b) unifocal c) ventriculat bigeminy d) ventricular trigeminy e) couplets f) triplets |
a) multifocal
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With PVC's, is the premature occurrence of a QRS complex which reflects as wide & distorted in shape. PVC's which that apear to have the same contour are called:
a) multifocal b) unifocal c) ventriculat bigeminy d) ventricular trigeminy e) couplets f) triplets |
b) unifocal
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With PVC's, when every other beat is a PVC it is called:
a) multifocal b) unifocal c) ventriculat bigeminy d) ventricular trigeminy e) couplets f) triplets |
c) ventricular bigeminy
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With PVC's, 2 consecutive PVC's are called:
a) multifocal b) unifocal c) ventriculat bigeminy d) ventricular trigeminy e) couplets f) triplets |
e) couplets
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HR varies & rhythm is irregular. P wave is rarely visible . Retrograde conduction may occur & P wave may be seen following the ectopic beat. PR interval is not measurable & QRS complex is wide & distorted in shape & more than 0.12 sec. T wave is generally & opposite in direction to the major deflection of the QRS complex:
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
h) premature ventricular contraction
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Causes severe decrease in cardiac output. The result from this condition may be pulmonary edema, shock, & decreased blood flow to the brain
a) premature atrial contraction b) junctional arrythmia c) sinus brady d) atrial flutter e) sinus tachy f) 1st degree AV Block g) paroxysmal supraventricular tachy h) premature ventricular contraction i) atrial fibrillation j) ventricular fibrillation k) ventricular tachycardia l) 3rd degree heart block m) 2nd degree heart block |
k) ventricular tachycardia
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True / False
With ventricular tachycardia, TX is not necessary if it only occurs briefly & stops abruplty. |
False
Episodes may reoccur if prophylactic TX is not begun & ventricular fibrillation may also develop. |
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There are 6 major classifications of antiarrhythmic drugs. Name them.
1- ____upstroke of action potential 2- _____ adrenergic receptor blockers 3- ____ repolarization 4- ____ ____ blockers 5- P____ channel opener 6- D____ preparations |
1- Depress upstroke of action potential
2- beta-adrenergic receptor blockers 3- prolong repol 4- Ca++ channel blockers 5- K+ channel opener 6_ digitalis preparations |
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Drugs that depress the upstroke of the action potential are catagorized 3 ways. Name them.
1- _____ repolarization 2- _____ repolarization 3- _____ repolarization |
1- prolong repol
2- accelerate repol 3- have little or no effect on repol |
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Sodium Channel Blockers:
a) decrease automaticity of the SA node, decrease conduction velocity in AV node b) delay repolarization c) decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, & His-Purkinje system d) decrease automaticity of SA node, delay AV node conduction |
c) decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, & His-Purkinje system
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β-Adrenergic Blockers:
a) decrease automaticity of the SA node, decrease conduction velocity in AV node b) delay repolarization c) decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, & His-Purkinje system d) decrease automaticity of SA node, delay AV node conduction |
a) decrease automaticity of the SA node, decrease conduction velocity in AV node
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Potassium Channel Blockers
a) decrease automaticity of the SA node, decrease conduction velocity in AV node b) delay repolarization c) decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, & His-Purkinje system d) decrease automaticity of SA node, delay AV node conduction |
b) delay repolarization
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Calcium Channel Blockers
a) decrease automaticity of the SA node, decrease conduction velocity in AV node b) delay repolarization c) decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, & His-Purkinje system d) decrease automaticity of SA node, delay AV node conduction |
d) decrease automaticity of SA node, delay AV node conduction
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Drugs that depress upstroke of action potential and prolong repolarization. Identify all that apply:
diltiazem (Cardizem) verapamil (Calan) flecainide (Tambocor) amiodarone (Cordarone) propafenone (Rythmol) lidocaine (Xylocaine) moricizine (Ethmozine) disopyramide (Norpace) adenosine (Adenocard) bretylium (Bretylol) mexiletine (Mexitil) quinidine dofetilide (Tikosyn) amiodarone (Cordarone) procainamide (Pronestyl) sotalol (Betapace) tocainide (Tonocard) |
moricizine (Ethmozine)
disopyramide (Norpace) procainamide (Pronestyl) quinidine |
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Drugs that depress upstroke of action potential & accelerate repolarization. Identify all that apply:
diltiazem (Cardizem) verapamil (Calan) flecainide (Tambocor) amiodarone (Cordarone) propafenone (Rythmol) lidocaine (Xylocaine) moricizine (Ethmozine) disopyramide (Norpace) adenosine (Adenocard) bretylium (Bretylol) mexiletine (Mexitil) quinidine dofetilide (Tikosyn) amiodarone (Cordarone) procainamide (Pronestyl) sotalol (Betapace) tocainide (Tonocard) |
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mexiletine (Mexitil) tocainide (Tonocard) |
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Drugs that depress upstroke of action potential but have little or no effect on repolarization. Identify all that apply.
diltiazem (Cardizem) verapamil (Calan) flecainide (Tambocor) amiodarone (Cordarone) propafenone (Rythmol) lidocaine (Xylocaine) moricizine (Ethmozine) disopyramide (Norpace) adenosine (Adenocard) bretylium (Bretylol) mexiletine (Mexitil) quinidine dofetilide (Tikosyn) amiodarone (Cordarone) procainamide (Pronestyl) sotalol (Betapace) tocainide (Tonocard) |
flecainide (Tambocor)
moricizine (Ethmozine) propafenone (Rythmol) |
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Calcium channel blockers decrease automaticity of SA node & delay AV node conduction. Identify all Ca++ listed below:
diltiazem (Cardizem) verapamil (Calan) flecainide (Tambocor) amiodarone (Cordarone) propafenone (Rythmol) lidocaine (Xylocaine) moricizine (Ethmozine) disopyramide (Norpace) adenosine (Adenocard) bretylium (Bretylol) mexiletine (Mexitil) quinidine dofetilide (Tikosyn) amiodarone (Cordarone) procainamide (Pronestyl) sotalol (Betapace) tocainide (Tonocard) |
diltiazem (Cardizem)
verapamil (Calan) |
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Potassium Channel Openers. Identify all K+ channel openers listed below:
diltiazem (Cardizem) verapamil (Calan) flecainide (Tambocor) amiodarone (Cordarone) propafenone (Rythmol) lidocaine (Xylocaine) moricizine (Ethmozine) disopyramide (Norpace) adenosine (Adenocard) bretylium (Bretylol) mexiletine (Mexitil) quinidine dofetilide (Tikosyn) amiodarone (Cordarone) procainamide (Pronestyl) sotalol (Betapace) tocainide (Tonocard) |
adenosine (Adenocard)
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β-Adrenergic Blockers decrease automaticity of the SA node, decrease conduction velocity in AV node. Identify all that apply.
acebutolol (Sectral) atenolol (Tenormin) esmolol (Brevibloc) labetalol (Normodyne) metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) nadolol (Corgard) propranolol (Inderal) sotalol (Betaspace) timolol (Blocadren) |
They are all Beta-drenergic Receptor Blockers
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