09_Neuro 4.2 Cerebral Cortex

Front 1

Name the following areas:
1. Area 312
2. Area 4
3. Area 17
4. Area 41, 42
5. Area 44, 45
6. Area 6
7. Area 40
8. Area 39

Back 1

1. Area 312 Primary somatosensory (postcentral gyrus)
2. Area 4 Primary motor (precentral gyrus)
3. Area 17 Primary visual (cuneus and lingual gyrus)
4. Area 41, 42 Tranverse gyri of Heschl (primary auditory)
5. Area 44, 45 Broca's area
6. Area 6 Premotor cortex
7. Area 40 Supramarginal gyrus
8. Area 39 Angular gyrus

Front 2

The cortex is embrologically derived from the:

Back 2

Telencephalon

Front 3

The cortex can be subdivided into three parts:

Back 3

1. Archicortex
2. Paleocortex
3. Neocortex

Front 4

The archicortex can be subdivided into (2):

Back 4

1. Hippocampus
2. Dentate gyrus

Front 5

The paleocortex includes: (1)

Back 5

Olfactory cortex

Front 6

The neocortex includes:

Back 6

All of the outer regions of the cortex

Front 7

What are the 6 layers of the cortex?

Back 7

1. Molecular layers
2. External granular layer
3. External pyramidal layers
4. Internal granular layer
5. Internal pyramidal layer
6. Multiform layer

Front 8

Of the 6 layers of the cortex, which receives input from the thalamus?

Back 8

The internal granular layer

Front 9

Of the 6 layers of cortex, which projects to subcortical areas?

Back 9

Internal pyramidal layer

Front 10

Which cell type has interneurons throughout all layers of the cortex?

Back 10

granular cells

Front 11

Name the gyrus and Brodmann's areas for to primary somatosensory cortex:

Back 11

Postcentral gyrus Areas 312

Front 12

Name the gyrus and Brodmann's areas for the primary motor cortex:

Back 12

Precentral gyrus area 4

Front 13

Name the Brodmann's area for the premotor cortex

Back 13

Area 6

Front 14

Name the gyrus and Brodmann's areas for the primary visual cortex:

Back 14

Cuneus and lingual gyrus Area 17

Front 15

Name the gyrus and Brodmann's areas for the primary auditory cortex:

Back 15

Transverse gyre of Heschl area 41 and 42

Front 16

Name the gyrus and Brodmann's areas for the motor are of speech: What is it also known as?

Back 16

Inferior frontal gyrus Areas 44 and 45. AKA Broca's area

Front 17

The remaining areas of the cortex surrounding all of the other parts is known as:

Back 17

Association areas

Front 18

Describe the orientation of dendrites and axons in the cortex.

Back 18

Dendrites start in upper layers and descend to cell bodies and axons continue descent. (see p186)

Front 19

T or F: Columns of cortical neurons are interconnected within the same hemisphere but not between the two hemisphere.

Back 19

F - there ARE connections between the two hemispheres.

Front 20

The cerebral cortex is made up of 3 poles:

Back 20

Frontal, Temporal, Occipital

Front 21

The cortex is made up of 6 lobes (or 4 major lobes & 2 subdivisions)

Back 21

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insula and Limbic

Front 22

What is the major arterial blood supply of the cerebral cortex?

Back 22

1. Posterior cerebral artery
2. Posterior communicating artery
3. Middle cerebral
4. Anterior cerebral
5. Anterior communicating artery

Front 23

What are the 6 major venous drainage of cerebral cortex?

Back 23

1. Superior sagittal sinus
2. Inferior sagittal sinus
3. Straight sinus
4. Transverse sinus
5. Sigmoid sinus
6. Internal jugular

Front 24

Duh: Where is the prefrontal gyrus? Specifically, what is it anterior to?

Back 24

It is the part of the frontal lobe anterior to the premotor cortex.

Front 25

Name the Gyri (and subgyri) of the Frontal lobe.

Back 25

1. Precentral gyrus
2. Superior frontal gyrus
3. Middle frontal gyrus
4. Inferior frontal gyrus (with subgyri Opercular, Triangular, and Orbital)
5. Orbital gyrus
6. Gyrus rectus

Front 26

Lesion to the precentral gyrus causes:
What Brodmman's area is this?

Back 26

Contralateral spastic paralysis. Area 4

Front 27

What areas in Broca's area? Is this area motor or sensory? What side is dominant?

Back 27

Areas 44 and 45, this is motor and L side is dominant.

Front 28

Lesion to the L side of Broca's area result in:
Lesion to the R side of Broca's area result in:

Back 28

Motor aphasia or Broca's aphasia, or expressive aphasia. Pts can understand but can't talk. R side lesion causes difficulty in expressing the emotional aspects of language.

Front 29

Name the following areas:
1. Angular gyrus
2. Supramarginal
3. Premotor gyrus
4. Broca's area
5. Primary auditory
6. Primary visual
7. Motor cortex
8. Somatosensory

Back 29

Name the following areas:
1. Angular gyrus - 39
2. Supramarginal - 40
3. Premotor gyrus - 6
4. Broca's area - 44, 45
5. Primary auditory - 41, 42
6. Primary visual - 17
7. Motor cortex - 4
8. Somatosensory - 312

Front 30

What lobes and gyri make up the Parietal Lobe? (think of it in terms of outside and inside of brain)

Back 30

1. Postcentral gyrus
2. Superior parietal lobe
3. Inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus)
4. Precuneus
5. Paracentral lobule (posterior part)

Front 31

What gyrus and areas make up the Primary somatosensory cortex?

Back 31

The postcentral gyrus includes areas 312.

Front 32

Lesion to the postcentral gyrus results in:

Back 32

Contralateral loss of somesthetic sensation.

Front 33

What are the areas for the Superior Parietal Lobule?
Supramarginal?
Angular?

Back 33

Superior Parietal = Areas 5, 7
Supramarginal = 40
Angular gyrus = 39

Front 34

Lesions to the parietal lobe on the left dominant hemisphere result in:

Back 34

1. Dominant: Astereognosis (an inability to feel an object and determine what it is without visual input). Aphasia - an inability to talk, read (alexia) and/or write (agraphia)
2. Non-dominant: Spatial distortion and contralateral neglect

Front 35

What are the five gyri making up the temporal lobe?

Back 35

1. Superior temporal gyrus
2. Middle temporal gyrus
3. Inferior temporal gyrus
4. Occipitotemporal gyrus
5. Parahippocampal gyrus
6. Hippocampus

Front 36

What areas make up the primary auditory cortex? What lobe is this part of and where is it on this lobe?

Back 36

Area 41 and 42. Superior temporal lobe located buried in the lateral sulcus.

Front 37

What Brodmman's area is Wernicke's and what gyrus is it located and where?

Back 37

Area 22 located on the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus.

Front 38

Lesions to the dominant hemisphere of Wernicke's area causes:
Lesions to the non-dominant side?

Back 38

1. Dominant: sensory aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, receptive aphasia
2. Non-dominant: Difficulty in comprehending the emotional aspect of language.

Front 39

The occipital lobe is composed of these four gyri:

Back 39

1. Lateral occipital gyrus
2. Cuneus gyrus
3. Lingual gyrus
4. Occipitotemporal gyrus

Front 40

What area and gyri make up the Primary visual cortex?

Back 40

1. Area 17 makes up the cuneus and lingual gyri.

Front 41

The primary visual cortex is visuotopically organized. The central visual field is most:
The peripheral VF is most:

Back 41

1. Central is most posterior
2. Peripheral is most anterior

Front 42

Lesions to the primary cortex result in:
(specifically, if restricted to upper bank...)

Back 42

Contralateral hemianopia. If restricted to upper bank, there's contralateral inferior quandrantanopia.

Front 43

The association cortical areas of the occipital lobe include (the secondary visual cortex areas and the association cortical areas)

Back 43

1. Secondary visual cortex = area 18 or V2
2. Association cortical areas include V3, V4, etc.

Front 44

Fibers that make connections between gyri are called:
Between lobes:
Between hemispheres:

Back 44

1. Short association fibers
2. Long association fibers
3. Callosal fibers

Front 45

The tumor type of the cerebral cortex is generally this type:

Back 45

Glial

Front 46

Are dysfunctions of the cerebral cortex contralateral, ipsilateral, or both?

Back 46

Contralateral.