0802 A & P Midterm Exam, Chapter 15 The Lymphatic System

Front 1

List the organs of the lymphatic system.

Back 1

1. tonsils
2. the spleen
3. the thymus gland
4. Peyer's patches

Front 2

The primary function of this system is to drain from tissue spaces, protein-containing fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries.

Back 2

lymphatic system

Front 3

…plasma moves out of the capillaries and into the spaces between tissue cells, it gets another name and is called ____________ _____.

Back 3

interstitial fluid

Front 4

Once the interstitial fluid enters a lymphatic capillary, it gets a third name and is now called _____.

Back 4

lymph

Front 5

In the villi of the small intestine there are special lymphatic vessels called ________ whose role is to absorb fats and transport them from the digestive tract to the blood.

Back 5

lacteals

Front 6

Lymph in the lacteals looks milky because of the fat content and is called _____.

Back 6

chyle

Front 7

The tubes, which are closed at one end, occur singly or in extensive plexuses and are called…

Back 7

lymph capillaries

Front 8

Lymph capillaries will eventually unite to form larger and larger lymph vessels called…

Back 8

lymphatics

Front 9

…resemble veins in structure but have thinner walls and more valves.

Back 9

lymphatics

Front 10

Along lymphatics there are _____ _____ found at various intervals.

Back 10

lymph nodes

Front 11

Lymphatics of the skin travel in loose subcutaneous connective tissue and generally follow the routes of _____.

Back 11

veins

Front 12

Lymphatics of the viscera generally follow the routes of ________ and form plexuses around the ________.

Back 12

arteries; arteries

Front 13

Eventually, all the lymphatics of the body converge into one of two main channels. Name them.

Back 13

1. thoracic duct or left lymphatic duct
2. right lymphatic duct

Front 14

…are oval to bean-shaped structures found along the length of lymphatics.

Back 14

lymph nodes

Front 15

They are also known as lymph glands.

Back 15

lymph nodes

Front 16

They range in size from 1 to 25 mm in length, looking like small seeds or almonds.

Back 16

lymph nodes

Front 17

The three regions of aggregations of nodes in the body are the …

Back 17

groin, armpits, and neck.

Front 18

A lymph node contains a slight depression on one side called the _____ where ________ lymphatic vessels leave and a nodal artery enters and a nodal vein leaves the node.

Back 18

hilum; efferent

Front 19

Each lymph node or gland is covered by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue that extends into the node. These capsular extensions are called …

Back 19

trabeculae

Front 20

Lymphatic vessels that enter the lymph node at various sites are called…

Back 20

afferent lymphatic vessels

Front 21

The lymphatic tissue of the node consists of different kinds of lymphocytes and other cells that make up dense aggregations of tissue called ________ or _____ _______.

Back 21

cortical or lymph nodules

Front 22

The lymph nodule surrounds a ________ ______ that produces lymphocytes.

Back 22

germinal center

Front 23

The _______, __________ and _____ make up the stroma or framework of the lymph node.

Back 23

capsule, trabeculae and hilum

Front 24

…is primarily water but it also contains plasma solutes such as ions, gases, nutrients and some proteins and substances from tissue cells such as hormones, enzymes and waste products.

Back 24

lymph

Front 25

The efferent vessels will eventually unite to form…

Back 25

lymph trunks

Front 26

The circulation of lymph through the various lymphatic vessels is maintained by…

Back 26

normal skeletal muscle contractions.

Front 27

The principal lymphatic trunks of the body are:

Back 27

1. the lumbar trunk
2. the intestinal trunk
3. the bronchomediastinal trunk
4. the intercostal trunk
5. the subclavian trunk
6. the jugular trunk

Front 28

…drains lymph from the lower extremities, the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys and adrenal glands and most of the abdominal wall.

Back 28

the lumbar trunk

Front 29

…drains lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen and the surface of the liver.

Back 29

the intestinal trunk

Front 30

…drains the thorax, lungs, heart, diaphragm and the rest of the liver.

Back 30

the bronchomediastinal trunk

Front 31

…also helps drain lymph from portions of the thorax.

Back 31

the intercostal trunk

Front 32

…drains the upper extremities, that is, arms, hands and fingers.

Back 32

the subclavian trunk

Front 33

…drains the head and neck

Back 33

the jugular trunk

Front 34

Ultimately, the thoracic duct empties all of its lymph into the…

Back 34

left subclavian vein

Front 35

…the right lymphatic duct empties empties all of its lymph into the…

Back 35

right subclavian vein

Front 36

…are masses of lymphoid tissue embedded in mucous membrane.

Back 36

tonsils

Front 37

Name the three groups of tonsils.

Back 37

1. palatine tonsils
2. pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
3. lingual tonsils

Front 38

…are the ones commonly removed in a tonsillectomy.

Back 38

palatine tonsils

Front 39

They are located in the tonsillar fossae between the pharyngopalatine and glossopalatine arches on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity.

Back 39

palatine tonsils

Front 40

They are located close to the internal opening of the nasal cavity.

Back 40

adenoids

Front 41

When they become swollen, they can interfere with breathing.

Back 41

adenoids

Front 42

…are located on the back surface of the tongue at its base.

Back 42

lingual tonsils

Front 43

…is oval in shape and is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

Back 43

The spleen

Front 44

It measures about 12cm, or 5 inches, in length.

Back 44

the spleen

Front 45

List the functions of the spleen.

Back 45

1. filters blood via the splenic artery and splenic vein
2. phagocytizes bacteria and worn-out platelets and red blood cells
3. produces lymphocytes and plasma cells.
4. stores blood and functions as a blood reservoir

Front 46

…is a bilobed mass of tissue located in the mediastinum along the trachea behind the sternum.

Back 46

The thymus gland

Front 47

…is a site for lymphocyte production and maturation.

Back 47

The thymus

Front 48

…helps develop T lymphocytes in the fetus and in infants for a few months after birth.

Back 48

The thymus

Front 49

…are found in the wall of the small intestine. They resemble tonsils. Their macrophages destroy bacteria.

Back 49

Peyer's patches