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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Viruses are measured according to this unit
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nanometers
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2 virus stages
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1. Virion = dormant, transmissible
2. Infectious = active, intracellular stage |
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Definitive diagnostic test for Rabies
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Brain biopsy and isolation of infectious virus
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Explain Standard Culture of Virus
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Mammalian Cells are in tubes. The specimen is inoculated onto cell layers. It is examined daily for CPE. May take WEEKS to detect any viral growth
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Explain Rapid Culture of Virus
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Mammalian cells are on a coverslip in a small vial. Specimen is added to cells and CENTRIFUGED. Cell layers are fixed after 24-48 hours and stained with IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE for specific viral proteins
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Term used to describe virus-induced cellular changes that are visible by light microscopy
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Cytopathic Effect
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Adenovirus:
-cells infected have an affinity for __1__. -infected cells become __2__ and the cell sheet __3__. -__4__ inclusions within the __5__ |
1. haemotoxylin
2. rounded 3. disintegrates 4. Basophilic 5. Nucleus |
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Many enveloped viruses possess a ______ protein in their envelopes
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fusion
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2 functions of Fusion proteins
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1. fusion of virion to the host cell membrane allowing entry of viral genome into cytoplasm
2. Multi-nucleate cells = Syncytia |
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Measles diagnostic features
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1. very large Syncytia
2. Eosinophilic inclusions in nuclei |
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RSV diagnostic features
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1. Large Syncytia
2. pale Eosinophilic Inclusions in CYTOPLASM |
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Mumps diagnostic features
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1. Large Syncytia
2. Pale EOSINOPHILIC inclusion in CYTOPLASM 3. Hemagglutinin --> causes haemadsorption when RBC's are added to infected cells |
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What differentiates between RSV and Mumps
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With Mumps, infected cells will agglutinate RBC's due to presence of Hemagglutinin in PM
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All Herpesviruses replicate in the _______
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nucleus
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Herpesvirus inclusion characteristics
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Eosinophilic IntraNUCLEAR inclusions
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This typifies infection with HSV-1
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prominent foci, or plaques, of rounded cells
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Other manifestations of Herpesvirus infection
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Giant cells = MNGC's
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CMV:
-replicates only in __1__ cells. -growth-rate: __2__ -Foci size: __3__ -Inclusion characteristics: 4 |
1. fibroblasts
2. slow 3. small and discrete 4. Eosinophilic "owl-eye" in nuclei |
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Looking at Pathology of viruses necessitates?
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getting a tissue sample from the patient
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Tests that can detect viruses that are in the Latent stage
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PCR
Antibody |
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Tests that can detect specific viral proteins in specimens
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Enzyme Immunoassays
Immunofluorescence |
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Example of Antigen that can be detected in the serum
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HBsAg
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Detection of most VIRAL ANTIGENS requires collecting a sufficient number of.....
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infected cells from the patient
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Detection of Viral Nucleic Acid allows you to detect presence of viruses before...
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host Ab response can be detected
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Virus that is commonly detected by it Viral Nucleic Acid
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HIV
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Detection of viral nucleic acid allows you to _____ the amount of viral replication associated with disease
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Quantitate
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3 methods of virus-specific antibody
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1. Immunofluorescence
2. Enzyme Immunoassays 3. Western Blot |
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Detection of this virus specific Ab tells you the patient may be immune
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IgG
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Are Rhinoviruses and Coronavirus usually associated with Pneumonia?
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NO
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Complications of Rhino/Corona
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Sinusitis
Otitis Media |
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Pathology of SARS is diffuse __1__ damage with __2__ and __3__
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1. alveolar
2. edema 3. hyaline membranes |
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Clinical Features of Influenza
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Rapid onset of HIGH FEVER, CHILLS, myalgia, BAD Headache
progresses to DRY COUGH |
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Pathology of Influenza (3)
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-Necrosis
-Desquamation of Ciliated Epithelium -Inflammation |
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Secondary Bacteria causing Pneumonia from Influenza
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H. influenza
S. pneumonia S. aureus |
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Composition of the Influenza vaccine
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A - H1N1
A - H3N2 B from hong kong |
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# of Parainfluenza types
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4
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Parainfluenza causes _____
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Croup
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Parainfluenza causes __1__ with a __2__ in children
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1. Acute Pneumonitis
2. barking cough *no vaccine |
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RSV most commonly happens during this time of year
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Winter months
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RSV:
-causes __1__ infections in adults -causes __2__ in children |
1. mild
2. ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY DISEASE |
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Diagnosis of RSV (2)
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1. cultured
2. direct detection of Ag by Enzyme Immunoassay or IF |
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Pathognomic for RSV
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MNGC's with Mononuclear cell infiltration
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Types of Adenovirus infections (4)
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1. Respiratory
2. Eye 3. GI 4. UTI's |
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Adenovirus can cause a rapidly fatal _________ in Immunocompromised hosts
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Hemorrhagic Pneumonia
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Is there an Adenovirus vaccine?
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Yes, available to certain pops
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Pathology of Adenovirus (3)
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1. Necrosis
2. HEMORRHAGE 3. Inflammation |
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Histology characteristic of Adenovirus
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Smudge cells
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Hantavirus clinical features
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Abrupt Fever, Cough, Headache, Myalgia
Followed by RAPIDLY developing RESPIRATORY FAILURE |
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Are there vaccines or antiviral drugs for Hantavirus?
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Nope
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Diagnosis of Hantavirus
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CLINICAL - all others take too long and patient may be dead by that time
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Pathology of Hantavirus
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1. Interstitial Pneumonitis
2. Congestion 3. Edema 4. Mononuclear infiltration |
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Histologic cell of Hantavirus
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Immunoblast = large activated cells with a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
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Adenovirus
-infected cell becomes rounded -cell sheet disintegrates -dark basophilic inclusions withing the nuclei |
What virus
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Measles
-syncytia -eosinophilic influsions in nuclei |
What virus?
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RSV
-large sycytia -nuclei do not contain inclusions -pale eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm |
What virus?
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Mumps
-syncytia -RBC hemagglutination |
What virus
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CMV = "owl eyes"
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WHat virus
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SARS
-diffuse alveolar damage -edema -hyaline membranes |
What virus?
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SARS = virus in cytoplasm of pneumocytes
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What virus
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Adenovirus
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What virus?
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Hantavirus
-Immunoblasts = large activated cells with prominent nucleoli and high N:C ratio |
What virus?
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