Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
AI
|
aortic insufficiency
|
|
|
ASD
|
atrial septal defect
|
|
|
ASHD
|
arteriosclerotic heart disease
|
|
|
AST (formerly SGOT)
|
aspartate aminotransferase (enzyme elevated after MI)
|
|
|
AV, A-V
|
atrioventricular
|
|
|
BP
|
blood pressure
|
|
|
CA
|
carcinoma
|
|
|
CABG
|
coronary artery bipass graft
|
|
|
CAD
|
coronary artery disease
|
|
|
CCU
|
critical care unit
|
|
|
CHF
|
congestive heart failure
|
|
|
CK (CPK)
|
creatine kinase (formerly called creatine phosphokinase)
|
|
|
CPR
|
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
|
|
|
CT, CAT
|
computed tomography, computerized axial tomography
|
|
|
ECG, EKG
|
electrocardiogram
|
|
|
ECHO
|
echocardiography
|
|
|
LA
|
left atrium
|
|
|
LCA
|
left coronary artery
|
|
|
LDH
|
lactate dehydrogenase (enzyme elevated after MI)
|
|
|
LV
|
left ventricle
|
|
|
MI
|
myocardial infarction
|
|
|
MVP
|
mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
PAT
|
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
|
|
|
PTA
|
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
|
|
|
PTCA
|
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
|
|
|
PVC
|
premature ventricular contraction
|
|
|
RA
|
right atrium; rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
RCA
|
right coronary artery
|
|
|
RV
|
right ventricle
|
|
|
SA
|
sinoatrial
|
|
|
T & A
|
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
|
|
|
VSD
|
ventricular septal defect
|
|
|
A lymphoid tissue growth located at the back of the nose in the upper part of the throat that when swollen may obstruct normal breathing and make speech difficult.
|
adenoids
|
|
|
an abnormal blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel and especially an artery resulting from disease of the vessel wall
|
aneurysm
|
|
|
inflammation of the heart and blood vessels
|
angiocarditis
|
|
|
The narrowing of one or more blood vessels.
|
angiostenosis
|
|
|
Examination of the arteries using x-rays following injection of a radiopaque substance
|
arteriogram
|
|
|
A minute artery, especially a terminal artery continuous with the capillary network
|
arteriole
|
|
|
The absence of contractions of the heart
|
asystole
|
|
|
a common form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances form a deposit of plaque on the inner lining of arterial walls
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
|
A defect in the interatrial septum of the heart, due to failure of the embryonic foramen to close normally
|
atrial septal defect
|
|
|
any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions
|
axillary node
|
|
|
A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell). Cells react to the presence of antigens by dividing and maturing into plasma cells.
|
B-cell lymphocyte
|
|
|
a method of opening a clogged or narrowed blood vessel in which a small balloon is introduced into the vessel by means of a catheter and then inflated at the site of blockage.
|
balloon angioplasty
|
|
|
popular term for beta-adrenergic block agents often used to decrease blood pressure.
|
beta blockers
|
|
|
A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers. Also called mitral valve, and atrioventricular valve
|
bicuspid valve
|
|
|
a drug that inhibits the flow of calcium ions across the membranes of smooth muscle cells, used primarily in treating heart diseases marked by coronary artery spasms
|
calcium channel blockers
|
|
|
mechanical compression of the heart by large amounts of fluid or blood within the pericardial space that limits the normal range of motion and function of the heart
|
cardiac tamponade
|
|
|
1) Paralysis of the heart, or cardiac arrest, as from direct blow or trauma.
2) Elective, temporary stopping of cardiac activity, usually by using drugs |
cardioplegia
|
|
|
inflammation of the heart valves
|
cardiovalvulitis
|
|
|
Restoration of the heartbeat to normal by electrical countershock or by use of medication.
|
cardioversion
|
|
|
surgical excision of atheromatous segments of the inner walls of a carotid artery
|
carotid endarterectomy
|
|
|
sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of a blood vessel of the brain
|
cerebrovascular accident (also called apoplexy)
|
|
|
a steroid alcohol C27H45OH present in animal cells and body fluids that regulates membrane fluidity, functions as a precursor molecule in various metabolic pathways, and as a constituent of LDL may cause arteriosclerosis
|
cholesterol
|
|
|
a dilated lymph channel usually opposite the first and second lumbar vertebrae and marking the beginning of the thoracic duct
|
cisterna chyli
|
|
|
a localized malformation of the aorta, which causes narrowing of the lumen of the vessel
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
radiography in which a three-dimensional image of a body structure is constructed by computer from a series of plane cross-sectional images made along an axis
|
computed tomography
|
|
|
A blood test used to detect damage to the cardiac muscle
|
creatinine phosphokinase test (or creatinine kinase test)
|
|
|
a flap of tissue that controls the blood flow between an atrium and ventricle of the heart
|
cuspid valve
|
|
|
A computer-assisted x-ray technique that subtracts images of bone and soft tissue to permit viewing of the cardiovascular system.
|
digital subtraction angiography
|
|
|
a poisonous cardiotonic glycoside C41H64O14 obtained from the leaves of a foxglove
|
digoxin
|
|
|
Doppler ultrasound used to measure cardiovascular blood flow velocity for diagnostic purposes (as for evaluating valve function)
|
Doppler echocardiography
|
|
|
a disordered rhythm exhibited in a record of electrical activity of the brain or heart
|
dysrhythmia
|
|
|
Chronic, often extreme enlargement and hardening of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, especially of the legs and external genitals, resulting from lymphatic obstruction and usually caused by infestation of the lymph glands and vessels with a filarial worm.
|
elephantiasis
|
|
|
Surgical removal of an embolus.
|
embolectomy
|
|
|
A mass, such as an air bubble, a detached blood clot, or a foreign body, that travels in the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel, thus serving to obstruct or occlude such a vessel.
|
embolus
|
|
|
the surgical stripping of a fat-encrusted, thickened arterial lining so as to open or widen the artery for improved blood circulation.
|
endarterectomy
|
|
|
The thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.
|
endocardium
|
|
|
A thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels.
|
endothelium
|
|
|
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart. Also called visceral layer.
|
epidcardium
|
|
|
Situated or occurring outside the body.
|
extracorporeal
|
|
|
Abnormally rapid pulsation, especially of the atria or ventricles of the heart.
|
flutter
|
|
|
A condition in which faulty transmission of the impulses that control the heartbeat results in a lack of coordination in the contraction of the atria and ventricles of the heart.
|
heart block
|
|
|
A congenital benign skin lesion consisting of dense, usually elevated masses of dilated blood vessels.
|
hemangioma
|
|
|
a mass of usually clotted blood that forms in a tissue, organ, or body space as a result of a broken blood vessel
|
hematoma
|
|
|
blood in the pericardial cavity
|
hemopericardium
|
|
|
An itching or painful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue.
|
hemorrhoids
|
|
|
A complex organic acid that is found especially in lung and liver tissue, has a mucopolysaccharide as its active constituent, prevents platelet agglutination and blood clotting, and is used in the form of its sodium salt in the treatment of thrombosis.
|
heparin
|
|
|
A complex of lipids and proteins that functions as a transporter of cholesterol in the blood and which, in high concentrations, is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Also called alpha-lipoprotein.
|
high-density lipoprotein
|
|
|
A malignant, progressive, sometimes fatal disease of unknown etiology, marked by enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver and often accompanied by anemia and fever.
|
Hodgkin's disease
|
|
|
a portable device that makes a continuous record of electrical activity of the heart and that can be worn by an ambulatory patient during the course of daily activities for the purpose of detecting fleeting episodes of abnormal heart rhythms
|
Holter monitor
|
|
|
a condition of arrested development in which an organ or part remains below the normal size or in an immature state
|
hypoplasia
|
|
|
an area of necrosis in a tissue or organ resulting from obstruction of the local circulation by a thrombus or embolus
|
infarct
|
|
|
A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
|
ischemia
|
|
|
a blood test used to detect levels of LDH. Disease or injury to body tissues such as the heart and liver result in increased levels of LDH.
|
lactate dehydrogenase test
|
|
|
the opening of an occluded artery with laser energy delivered through a fiberoptic probe.
|
laser angioplasty
|
|
|
Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents, are oily to the touch, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the principal structural material of living cells.
|
lipid
|
|
|
Any of a group of conjugated proteins having at least one lipid components, they are the principal means by which lipids are transported in the blood.
|
lipoproteins
|
|
|
A complex of lipids and proteins that functions as a transporter of cholesterol in the blood, and which, in high concentrations, is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
|
low-density lipoprotein (also called beta-lipoprotein)
|
|
|
a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets
|
lymph
|
|
|
Excision of one or more lymph nodes.
|
lymphadenectomy
|
|
|
A benign tumorlike mass of lymphatic vessels or channels that vary in size, are frequently greatly dilated, and are lined with normal endothelial cells.
|
lymphangioma
|
|
|
Swelling, especially in subcutaneous tissues, as a result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes, with accumulation of lymph in the affected region.
|
lymphedema
|
|
|
Any of the nearly colorless cells formed in lymphoid tissue, as in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils, constituting between 22 and 28 percent of all white blood cells in the blood of a normal adult human. They function in the development of immunity and include two specific types, B cells and T cells.
|
lymphocyte
|
|
|
Originating from or spread through lymph or the lymphatic system
|
lymphogenous
|
|
|
Any of various usually malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and reticuloendothelial tissues that occur as circumscribed solid tumors and that are composed of cells that resemble lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes.
|
lymphoma
|
|
|
Obstruction of the normal flow of lymph.
|
lymphostasis
|
|
|
a phagocytic tissue cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system that may be fixed or freely motile, is derived from a monocyte, and functions in the protection of the body against infection and noxious substances
|
macrophage
|
|
|
the space in the chest between the pleural sacs of the lungs that contains all the viscera of the chest except the lungs and pleurae
|
mediastinum
|
|
|
Transmission of pathogenic microorganisms or cancerous cells from an original site to one or more sites elsewhere in the body, usually by way of the blood vessels or lymphatics.
|
metastasis
|
|
|
abnormal smallness of the heart
|
microcardia
|
|
|
A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers.
|
mitral valve (also called bicuspid valve, left atrioventricular valve)
|
|
|
A condition in which there is excessive retrograde movement of the mitral valve into the left atrium during left ventricular systole, often allowing mitral regurgitation.
|
mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
A thick, pale yellow liquid that is explosive on concussion or exposure to sudden heat, used as a vasodilator in medicine.
|
nitroglycerin
|
|
|
Any of various malignant lymphomas characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells.
|
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
|
Distinctive giant cells found on light microscopy in biopsies from individuals with Hodgkin's lymphoma (aka Hodgkin's disease; a type of lymphoma), and certain other disorders. They are derived from B lymphocytes.
|
Reed-Sternberg cells
|
|
|
one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphoid tissue in the back of the throat
|
palatine tonsils
|
|
|
the tough thickened membranous outer layer of the pericardium that is attached to the central part of the diaphragm and the posterior part of the sternum
|
parietal pericardium
|
|
|
palpitations and a racing heart beat that occurs and stops suddenly
|
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
|
|
|
A cardiovascular defect that is caused by failure of the arterial canal to close after birth.
|
patent ductus arteriosus
|
|
|
A procedure for enlarging a narrowed arterial lumen by peripheral introduction of a balloon-tip catheter followed by dilation of the lumen as the inflated catheter tip is withdrawn.
|
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
|
|
|
The fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pericardium.
|
pericardial cavity
|
|
|
surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins
|
phlebectomy
|
|
|
The act or practice of opening a vein by incision or puncture to remove blood.
|
phlebotomy
|
|
|
An antibody-producing lymphocyte derived from a B cell upon reaction with a specific antigen.
|
plasma cell (also called plasmacyte)
|
|
|
Tomography in which a computer-generated image of metabolic or physiologic activity within the body is produced through the detection of gamma rays that are emitted when introduced radionuclides decay and release positrons. The images are used in the evaluation of coronary artery disease, epilepsy, and other medical disorders.
|
positron emission tomography
|
|
|
irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation
|
premature ventricular contraction
|
|
|
modified cardiac fibers that constitute the terminal ramifications of the conducting system of the heart
|
Purkinje fibers
|
|
|
Permanent damage to the valves of the heart usually caused by repeated attacks of rheumatic fever.
|
rheumatic heart disease
|
|
|
One of three semilunar segments serving as the cusps of a valve preventing regurgitation, as in the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve.
|
semilunar valve
|
|
|
A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located in the posterior wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system by generating at regular intervals the electric impulses of the heartbeat.
|
sinoatrial node
|
|
|
A large, highly vascular lymphoid organ, lying to the left of the stomach below the diaphragm and serving to store blood, disintegrate old blood cells, filter foreign substances from the blood, and to produce lymphocytes.
|
spleen
|
|
|
The process of surgically fixing an ectopic or floating spleen.
|
splenopexy
|
|
|
Suture of a ruptured spleen.
|
splenorrhaphy
|
|
|
A constriction or narrowing of a duct or passage; a stricture.
|
stenosis
|
|
|
A circumscribed narrowing of a hollow structure.
|
stricture
|
|
|
a type of lymphocyte that is involved in cell-mediated immunity
|
T-cell lymphocyte
|
|
|
A congenital malformation of the heart characterized by a defect in the ventricular septum, misplacement of the origin of the aorta, narrowing of the pulmonary artery, and enlargement of the right ventricle.
|
tetralogy of Fallot
|
|
|
A type of nuclear scanning test or myocardial perfusion imaging test. It shows how well blood flows to the heart muscle. It's usually done along with an exercise stress test on a treadmill or bicycle. Usually to evaluate extent of CAD blockage
|
thallium stress test
|
|
|
Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel with the formation of a lymph clot.
|
thrombolymphangitis
|
|
|
A lymphoid organ that is located in the superior mediastinum and lower part of the neck and is necessary in early life for the normal development of immunological function.
|
thymus
|
|
|
A small oral mass of lymphoid tissue, especially either of two such masses embedded in the lateral walls of the opening between the mouth and the pharynx, of uncertain function, but believed to help protect the body from respiratory infections.
|
tonsil
|
|
|
excision of lymphoid tissue from the throat and nasopharynx (tonsils and adenoids)
|
tonsilloadenoidectomy
|
|
|
A device, typically a tightly encircling bandage, used to check bleeding by temporarily stopping the flow of blood through a large artery in a limb.
|
tourniquet
|
|
|
The three-segmented valve of the heart that keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium.
|
tricuspid valve
|
|
|
A naturally occurring ester of three fatty acids and glycerol that is the chief constituent of fats and oils.
|
triglyceride
|
|
|
Abnormally prominent and swollen veins, especially in the legs.
|
varicose veins
|
|
|
A congenital defect in the septum between the cardiac ventricles, usually resulting from failure of the spiral septum to close the interventricular foramen.
|
ventricular septal defect
|
|
|
the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
|
visceral pericardium
|
