07 - Trachea, Lungs, Posterior Mediastinum Laughty

Front 1

where is the trachea located?

Back 1

from CV6 to TV5

Front 2

Carina

Back 2

last cartilage in trachea

Front 3

difference between right and left bronchi?

Back 3

right is shorter, wider, more vertical

Front 4

Fissures & lobes in right lung?

Back 4

horizontal-between superior & middle
oblique - between middle & inferior

Front 5

which bronchus has a smaller angle of transition?

Back 5

Right (25 degrees)

Front 6

segments of upper right lobe?

Back 6

anterior, posterior, apical

Front 7

segments of middle right lobe?

Back 7

lateral & medial

Front 8

segments of lower right lobe?

Back 8

superior, posterior, anterior, medial lateral (basal)

Front 9

where does the oblique fissure start/end?

Back 9

starts at 5th rib posteriorly; ends at diaphragm

Front 10

where does the horizontal fissure start/end?

Back 10

starts at 6th rib; ends at 4th rib

Front 11

4 segments of the upper left lobe?

Back 11

apico-posterior, anterior, superior & inferior lingulars

Front 12

segments of lower left lobe?

Back 12

superior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral (basal)

Front 13

where is the right pulmonary artery at the lung root?

Back 13

inferior to primary bronchus

Front 14

where is the left pulmonary artery in the root lung?

Back 14

superior to primary bronchus

Front 15

How many left bronchial arteries and branches from where?

Back 15

2 left; come directly from aorta

Front 16

how many right bronchial arteries/branch from where?

Back 16

1 right; branch from intercostal arteries

Front 17

how many pulmonary veins in each lung?

Back 17

2 (superior & inferior)

Front 18

lymphatics of lungs?

Back 18

superficial & deep flexus

Front 19

superficial plexus

Back 19

near visercal pleura; has no nodes of its own

Front 20

nodes of deep plexus of lungs?

Back 20

1) pulmonary nodes - in bronchopulmonary segments
2) bronchopulomnary nodes - near lobar bronchi
3) tracheobronchial nodes - by primary bronchi (superior & inferior)

Front 21

where does esophagus start?

Back 21

CV6

Front 22

what is to the posterior to the esophagus (superiorly and inferiorly)?

Back 22

superior: veretbrae
inferior: thoracic aorta

Front 23

4 layers of esophagus & their description

Back 23

1) tunicia adventicia - plexus of veins & nerves
2) tunica muscularis -
-postgang symp & pre & post gang parasymp; cell bodies
3) tunica submucosa
4) tunica mucosa - stratified squamous epithelium

Front 24

4 constrictions of the esophagus?

Back 24

1) junction with pharynx
2) crossed by arch of aorta
3) compressed by left bronchus
4) esophageal hiatus

Front 25

arteries of esophagus and the area they supply?

Back 25

inferior thyroid arteries - upper

bronchial, esophageal & medistinal branches of aorta - middle

esophageal branch of left gastric - lower

Front 26

drainage of upper esophageal veins?

Back 26

to superior vena cava through azygote & inferior thyroid

Front 27

drainage of middle esophageal veins?

Back 27

porto-caval anastomose

Front 28

drainage of lower esophageal veins?

Back 28

portal system via esophageal branches of left gastric vein

Front 29

what is the esophageal plexus?

Back 29

formed by both vagus nerves contributing preganglionic parasympathetic fibers & sensory fibers

Front 30

what do splanchnic branches contribute?

Back 30

postganglionic fibers & sensory fibers

Front 31

fiber composition of vagus nerve?

Back 31

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers & sensory

Front 32

where does the descending aorta begin?

Back 32

TV4

Front 33

5 branches of descending aorta?

Back 33

1) 3-11 intercostal & subcostal artery
2) 2 left bronchial arteries
3) esophageal arteries
4) mediastinal & pericardial
5) superior phrenic artery

Front 34

what does the 3rd intercostal artery branch to?

Back 34

right bronchial artery

Front 35

what drains into left superior intercostal vein?

Back 35

2-4 posterior intercostal vein
left bronchial veins
left pericardiophrenic vein

Front 36

where is azygos vein proper/path?

Back 36

starts in abdomen as continuation of right ascending lumbar vein; passes through aortic hiatus; runs in front of vertebral column

Front 37

what drains to azygos vein?

Back 37

lower 7 intercostal veins
hemiazygos vein
accessory azygos vein
esophageal/mediastinal/pericardinal
right superior intercostal vein

Front 38

what does the hemiazygos vein start from?

Back 38

left ascending lumbar vein

Front 39

what drains into hemiazygos vein?

Back 39

left subcostal and lower 3 intercostal veins

Front 40

what drains into the accessory hemiazygos vein?

Back 40

middle intercostal veins on left

Front 41

what does the left superior intercostal vein drain to?

Back 41

left brachiocephalic vein

Front 42

2 major nodes of thorax lymphatics?

Back 42

Parietal & Visceral

Front 43

sternal nodes?

Back 43

parietal nodes near internal thoracic vessels

Front 44

intercostal nodes?

Back 44

parietal nodes related to head & neck

Front 45

phrenic nodes?

Back 45

lie on diaphragm; anterior, lateral, and posterior nodes

Front 46

anterior phrenic node?

Back 46

at xiphoid process; receive from liver and diaphragm; drain upward

Front 47

lateral phrenic node?

Back 47

where phrenic nerve pierces diaphragm

Front 48

posterior prenic nodes?

Back 48

drain upwards to posterior mediastinal nodes

Front 49

anterior mediastinal lymph nodes?

Back 49

brachiocephlaic nodes & sternal nodes

Front 50

what drains into bronchomediastinal lymph?

Back 50

anterior mediastinal, tracheobronchial, and posterior mediastinal

Front 51

path of thoracic duct?

Back 51

begins in abs as cisterna chyli; travels on right side of aorta until TV5 where it corsses to left side; empties into subclavian vein

Front 52

what does the thoracic duct drain?

Back 52

lower limbs, abdominal viscera, pelvic viscera, & perineum

Front 53

fibers in white communicating rami?

Back 53

fibers of preganglionic neurons carrying impulses to trunk & visceral sensory impulses to spinal nerve

Front 54

fibers of gray communicating rami?

Back 54

fiber of postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Front 55

splanchnic branches

Back 55

go to pulmonary, cardiac and esophageal plexuses

Front 56

fibers in splanchnic branches?

Back 56

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Front 57

fibers in greater splanchnic nerve?

Back 57

preganglionic sympathteic & give esophageal branches (have postganglionic symp)

Front 58

lesser splanchnic?

Back 58

visceral branches of sympathetic trunk from TV10-11

Front 59

least splanchnic nerve?

Back 59

visceral branches from 12th thoracic segment.

Front 60

right phrenic nerve related to?

Back 60

sup & inf vena cava; innervate diaphragm