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160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ABO
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blood groups
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ADL
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activities of daily living
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AHF
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antihemophilic factor
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AIDS
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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ALL
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acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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AML
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acute myelogenous leukemia
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CBC, cbc
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complete blood cell count
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CDC
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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CMV
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cytomegalovirus
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diff
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differential count (WBCs)
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DIC
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disseminated intravascular coagulation
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DOB
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date of birth
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ELISA
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enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (commonly used in AIDS diagnosis)
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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FEMA
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
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H & P
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history and physical
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HAV
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hepatitis
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Hb, Hgb
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hemoglobin
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HBV
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hepatitis B virus
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HCT
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hematocrit
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HCV
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hepatitis C virus
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HDN
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hemolytic disease of the newborn
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HDV
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hepatitis D virus
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HIPAA
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health information portability accountability act
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HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
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HLA
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human leukocyte antigens
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HPF
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high-power field
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hx, Hx
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history
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IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM, IgE
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immunoglobulins
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INR
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Internal Normalized Ratio
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LE
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lupus erythematosus
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LPF
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low-power field
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MCH
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mean corpuscular hemoglobin (average amount of hemoglobin in each RBC)
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MCHC
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mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (amount of hemoglobin per unit of blood)
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MCV
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mean corpuscular volume (average size of individual red cells)
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OP
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outpatient
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PCV
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packed cell volume
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PMN
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polymorphonuclear
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PT
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prothrombin time (also physical therapist)
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PTT
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partial thromboplastin time
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RBC
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red blood cell, red blood count
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Rh
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rhesus factor in blood
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RPR
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rapid plasma reagin (blood test for syphilis)
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SSN
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social security number`
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STD
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sexually transmitted disease
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TSS
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toxic shock syndrome
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WBC
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white blood cell, white blood cell count
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WMD
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weapons of mass destruction
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WNV
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West Nile Virus
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An acute disease characterized by high fever, lesions of the mucous membranes and skin, and a sharp drop in circulating granular white blood cells.`
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agranulocytosis
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a tissue or organ obtained from one member of a species and grafted to a genetically dissimilar member of the same species.
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allograft
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A condition where the red blood cells are unequal in size, evident on blood smear.
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anisocytosis
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Unable to form or regenerate tissue.
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aplastic
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a tissue or organ that is grafted into a new position on the body of the individual from which it was removed.
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autologous graft
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cell, especially a white blood cell, having granules that stain readily with basic dyes.
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basophil
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A severe, sometimes fatal food poisoning caused by eating food infected with the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which produces botulinum toxin. The bacterium grows in food that has been improperly preserved.
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botulism
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The primary lesion of syphilis; a hard, nonsensitive, dull red papule or area of infiltration that begins at the site of infection after an interval of 10 to 30 days.
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chancre
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An infectious, sometimes fatal disease of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is spread from contaminated water and food and causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration.
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cholera
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A genus of rod-shaped, spore-forming, chiefly anaerobic bacteria including the nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in soil and those causing botulism and tetanus.
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Clostridium
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1. An unattached body cell, such as a blood or lymph cell.
2. A rounded, globular mass of cells, such as the pressure receptor on certain nerve endings. |
corpuscle
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an anticoagulant (gen name warfarin) use to prevent and treat a thrombus or embolus
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coumadin
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An acute infectious disease caused by the bacillus Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by the production of a systemic toxin and the formation of a false membrane on the lining of the mucous membrane of the throat and other respiratory passages, causing difficulty in breathing, high fever, and weakness. The toxin is particularly harmful to the tissues of the heart and central nervous system.
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diphtheria
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a malfunction or abnormal condition, esp. an imbalance of the constituents of the blood.
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dyscrasia
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A method of separating substances, especially proteins, and analyzing molecular structure based on the rate of movement of each component in a colloidal suspension while under the influence of an electric field.
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electrophoresis
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A type of white blood cell containing cytoplasmic granules that are easily stained by eosin or other acid dyes.`
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eosinophil
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A herpesvirus that is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. It is also associated with various types of human cancers.
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Epstein-Barr virus
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production of RBCs
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erythropoiesis
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An elastic, insoluble, whitish protein derived from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin and forming an interlacing fibrous network in the coagulation of blood.
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fibrin
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A protein in the blood plasma that is essential for the coagulation of blood and is converted to fibrin by thrombin and ionized calcium. Also called factor I.
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fibrinogen
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An enzyme that hydrolyzes peptides and esters of arginine and histidine and converts fibrin to soluble products.
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fibrinolysin
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A severe hemolytic disease of a fetus or newborn caused by production of maternal antibodies for fetal red blood cells, usually involving Rh incompatibility between the mother and fetus.
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erythroblastosis fetalis
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A sexually transmitted disease caused by gonococci and affecting mucous membrane chiefly of the genital and urinary tracts, marked by an acute purulent discharge and painful or difficult urination, though women often have no symptoms.
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gonorrhea
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a staining technique used to classify bacteria; bacteria are stained with gentian violet and then treated with Gram's solution; after being decolorized with alcohol and treated with safranine and washed in water, those that retain the gentian violet are Gram-positive and those that do not retain it are Gram-negative
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Gram stain
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Any of a group of white blood cells having granules in the cytoplasm.
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granulocyte
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The percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation.
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hematocrit
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The red respiratory protein of red blood cells that transports oxygen as oxyhemoglobin from the lungs to the tissues, where the oxygen is readily released and the oxyhemoglobin becomes hemoglobin.
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hemoglobin
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Any of several hereditary blood-coagulation disorders, manifested almost exclusively in males, in which the blood fails to clot normally because of a deficiency or an abnormality of one of the clotting factors.
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hemophilia
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Being genetically different although belonging to or obtained from the same species, as in tissue grafts.
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allogeneic
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An infectious, usually fatal disease of warm-blooded animals that is characterized by ulcerative skin lesions, can be transmitted to humans, and is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Also called carbuncle.
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anthrax
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Hypersensitivity induced by preliminary exposure to a substance and usually producing a contraction of smooth muscle and a dilation of blood vessels.
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anaphylaxis
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A pathological deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood, measured in unit volume concentrations of hemoglobin, red blood cell volume, or red blood cell number.
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anemia
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A protein substance in blood plasma that participates in and is essential for the blood-clotting process. Most cases of hemophilia are caused by a deficiency of this factor. Also called antihemophilic globulin, factor VIII.
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antihemophilic factor
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Capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents.
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antiseptic
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An abnormal concretion in the body, usually formed of mineral salts and most commonly found in the gallbladder, kidney, or urinary bladder.
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calculus
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the formation of blood or of blood cells in the living body
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hematopoiesis
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The red respiratory protein of red blood cells that transports oxygen as oxyhemoglobin from the lungs to the tissues, where the oxygen is readily released and the oxyhemoglobin becomes hemoglobin.
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hemoglobin
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a glycosaminoglycan sulfuric acid ester that occurs especially in the liver and lungs, that prolongs the clotting time of blood by preventing the formation of fibrin, and that is administered parenterally in the form of its sodium salt in vascular surgery and in the treatment of postoperative thrombosis and embolism
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heparin
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Stored in mast cells and released by antigen. Responsible for the early symptoms of anaphylaxis. Also present in some venoms.
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histamine
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derived from or involving organisms of the same species
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homologous
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Of, relating to, or characterized by an increase in light absorption, especially of ultraviolet light.
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hyperchromic
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an abnormally large amount of blood in any part of the body.
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hyperemia
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disease induced in a patient by a physician's activity, manner, or therapy. Used especially of an infection or other complication of treatment.
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iatrogenic disease
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In an artificial environment outside the living organism
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in vitro
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within a living organism
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in vivo
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an acute infectious disease that primarily affects lymphoid tissue. The cause of most cases is the Epstein-Barr virus
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infectious mononucleosis
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An abnormal increase in the number of circulating red blood cells
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erythrocytosis
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any of a group of heat-stable soluble basic antiviral glycoproteins of low molecular weight that are produced usually by cells exposed to the action of a virus, sometimes to the action of another intracellular parasite (as a bacterium), or experimentally to the action of some chemicals, and that include some used medically as antiviral or antineoplastic agents
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interferon
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a neoplastic disease affecting especially the skin and mucous membranes, characterized especially by the formation of pink to reddish-brown or bluish tumorous plaques, macules, papules, or nodules especially on the lower extremities, and formerly limited primarily to elderly men in whom it followed a benign course but now being a major and sometimes fatal disease associated with immunodeficient individuals with AIDS
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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The condition of a cells nucleus being abnormally enlarged
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karyomegaly
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Surgical removal of a calculus, especially from the urinary tract
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lithotomy
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The procedure of crushing a stone in the urinary bladder or urethra
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lithotripsy
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a group of connective tissue disorders primarily affecting women, comprising a spectrum of clinical forms in which cutaneous disease may occur with or without systemic involvement
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lupus erythematosis
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an abnormally large red blood cell`
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macrocyte
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any of the mononuclear leukocytes found in the blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissues that are responsible for humoral and cellular activity
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lymphocyte
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a phagocytic tissue cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system that may be fixed or freely motile, is derived from a monocyte, and functions in the protection of the body against infection and noxious substances
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macrophage
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An infectious disease characterized by cycles of chills, fever, and sweating, caused by the parasitic infection of red blood cells by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito
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malaria
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an acute infectious disease occurring mostly in children, characterized by catarrhal and febrile symptoms and an eruption of small red spots; rubeola
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measles
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abnormally large red blood cell (associated with pernicious anemia)
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megalocyte
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the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available
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metabolism
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an abnormally small red blood cell
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microcyte
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a blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormally small red blood cells in the blood; often associated with anemia
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microcytosis
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a large, circulating white blood cell, formed in bone marrow and in the spleen, that ingests large foreign particles and cell debris
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monocyte
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gland that secretes mucous
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mucoid gland
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an acute contagious disease caused by a paramyxovirus (genus Rubulavirus) and marked by fever and by swelling especially of the parotid gland
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mumps
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the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
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nephrolithiasis
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a granulocyte that is the chief phagocytic white blood cell
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neutrophil
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the central region in a prokaryotic cell, as a bacterium, that contains the chromosomes and that has no surrounding membrane
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nucleoid
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A disease in which there is a structural change to some tissue or organ of the body
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organic disease
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a test for detecting coagulation defects
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partial thromboplastin time
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coagulation factor III
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thromboplastin
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coagulation factor II
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prothrombin
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Immunity acquired by the transfer of antibodies from another individual, as through injection or placental transfer to a fetus.
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passive immunity
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Immunity resulting from the development of antibodies in response to the presence of an antigen, as from vaccination or exposure to an infectious disease.
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Active Immunity
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process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection
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phagocytosis
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a severe bacterial infection caused by "Yersinia pestis", which occurs both endemically and epidemically worldwide
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plague
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The clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood, lymph, or intramuscular fluid in which cells are suspended
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plasma
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A red blood cell of irregular shape
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poikilocyte
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A highly infectious viral disease that chiefly affects children and, in its acute forms, causes inflammation of motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to paralysis, muscular atrophy, and often deformity (aka: infantile paralysis)
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poliomyelitis
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A condition marked by an abnormally large number of red blood cells in the circulatory system
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polycythemia (aka: erythrocytosis)
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polycythemia of unknown cause that is characterized by increase in total blood volume and accompanied by nosebleed, distension of the circulatory vessels, and enlargement of the spleen
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polycythemia vera
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polymorphonuclear leukocyte
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polymorph
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aving a lobed nucleus. Used especially of neutrophil white blood cells
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polymorphonuclear
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the preventing of disease
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prophylaxis
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Any of a large group of single-celled, usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms, such as amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans
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protozoans
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an immune reaction against a transplanted organ or tissue
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rejection
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Any of various gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, many of which are pathogenic causing food poisoning, typhoid, and paratyphoid fever in humans and other infectious diseases in domestic animals.
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Salmonella
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The presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues
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sepsis
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A systemic disease caused by the multiplication of microorganisms in the blood
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septicemia (aka: blood poisoning)
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A passage between two natural body channels, such as blood vessels, especially one created surgically to divert or permit flow from one pathway or region to another; a bypass
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shunt
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A chronic, usually fatal inherited form of anemia marked by crescent-shaped red blood cells, occurring almost exclusively in Blacks, and characterized by fever, leg ulcers, jaundice, and episodic pain in the joints
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sickle cell anemia
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An acute, highly infectious, often fatal disease (also called variola) caused by a poxvirus and characterized by high fever and aches with subsequent widespread eruption of papules that blister, produce pus, and form scabs that leave permanent pockmarks
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smallpox
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A small spherical red blood cell, characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis and of certain hemolytic anemias
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spherocyte
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a liquid that is comparable to serum but contains less dissolved material, that is secreted from the blood into the lateral ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles to the spaces between the meninges about the brain and spinal cord, and is resorbed into the blood through the subarachnoid sinuses, and that serves chiefly to maintain uniform pressure within the brain and spinal cord
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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Any of various slender, spiral, motile bacteria -- many of which are pathogenic, causing syphilis, relapsing fever, yaws, and other diseases
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spirochete
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A spherical gram-positive parasitic bacterium usually occurring in clusters and causing boils, septicemia, and other infections.
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Staphylococcus
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A spherical gram-positive bacterium normally found on the skin and mucous membranes and in the digestive tract of mammals. One type, Group A, is a common pathogen in humans and causes various infections, including strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, and some types of impetigo
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Streptococcus
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The formation or discharge of pus
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suppurative
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A brief loss of consciousness caused by a sudden fall of blood pressure or failure of the cardiac systole, resulting in cerebral anemia
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syncope
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A chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, either transmitted by direct contact, usually in sexual intercourse, or passed from mother to child in utero, and progressing through three stages characterized respectively by local formation of chancres, ulcerous skin eruptions, and systemic infection that leads to general paresis
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syphilis
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An acute, often fatal disease that is characterized by spasmodic contraction of voluntary muscles, especially one occurring in the neck and jaw, and that is caused by the neurotoxin Clostridium tetani, which typically infects the body through a deep wound. Also called lockjaw
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tetanus
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A plasma protein present in tissues, platelets, and white blood cells necessary for the coagulation of blood and, in the presence of calcium ions, necessary for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
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thromboplastin
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A sound in one ear or both ears, such as buzzing, ringing, or whistling, occurring without an external stimulus and usually caused by a specific condition, such as an ear infection, the use of certain drugs, a blocked auditory tube or canal, or a head injury
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tinnitus
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A condition in which the blood contains toxins produced by body cells at a local source of infection or derived from the growth of microorganisms
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toxemia
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A substance that has been treated to destroy its toxic properties but that retains the capacity to stimulate production of antitoxins, used in immunization
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toxoid
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A vaginal inflammation caused by a trichomonad (Trichomonas vaginalis) and resulting in a refractory discharge and itching
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trichomoniasis (commonly affects cows)
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An infectious disease caused by a bacillis that chiefly affects rodents but can also be transmitted to humans, in whom it causes intermittent fever and swelling of lymph nodes
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tularemia
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An infectious febrile illness usually spread by contamination of food, milk or water supplies with Salmonella typhi, either directly by sewage, indirectly by flies or by faulty personal hygiene
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Typhoid
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the pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate
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uvula
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A genus of gram-negative, motile, S-shaped or comma-shaped bacteria some species of which are saprophytes in salt and fresh water and in soil, while others are parasites or pathogens
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vibrio
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a crystalline anticoagulant that inhibits the production of prothrombin by vitamin K and is used as a rodent poison . Its sodium salt is used especially in the prevention or treatment of thromboembolic disease
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warfarin
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