(06) Nurs 2330 - Endocrine Pt3

Front 1

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

- oldest and largest group
- may be used alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs
- always give with breakfast to prevent nighttime hypoglycemia
- check BS before administration
- started at low doses and gradually increased for FBS = 110 mg/dL

Back 1

Sulfonylureas

Front 2

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

- stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas
- increases tissue response to insulin

Back 2

Sulfonylureas

Front 3

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

(2nd generation):

- glimepride (Amaryl)
- glipizide (Glucotrol)
- glyburide (Diabeta)

Back 3

Sulfonylureas

Front 4

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

Distribution: 90% protein bound

Back 4

Sulfonylureas

Front 5

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

Adverse effects:

- hypoglycemia
- may cause weight gain
- GI upset

Back 5

Sulfonylureas

Front 6

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

Contraindicated:

- hypersensitivity
- renal/hepatic impairment
- pregnancy

Back 6

Sulfonylureas

Front 7

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

- doesn't cause hypoglycemia
- used alone or in combo
- taken with meals
- always stop drug for 48 hours for any client receiving IV contrast

Back 7

Biguanides

Front 8

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

- decreases glucose production from liver
- decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, & enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissues

Back 8

Biguanides

Front 9

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

- metformin (Glucophage, Glucophage XR)

Back 9

Biguanides

Front 10

Which oral hypoglycemic drugs:

- excreted unchanged by kidneys

Back 10

Biguanides

Front 11

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Adverse effects:

- decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea
- clients usually lose weight
- decreased GI absorption of B12 & folate
- lactic acidosis

Back 11

Biguanides

Front 12

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Contraindications:

- pregnancy
- renal/hepatic impairment
- cardiac disease

Back 12

Biguanides

Front 13

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- may be used alone or combo with insulin, sulfonyureas, metformin
- does not cause hypoglycemia
- take with first bite of each main meal
- start at low doses and gradually increase (decrease GI upset)

Back 13

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 14

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- Delays glucose absorption in the GI tract; reducing rise in BS levels following a meal
- Delays absorption of dietary carbs

Back 14

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 15

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- acarbose (Precose)
- miglitol (Glyset)

Back 15

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 16

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- metabolized in GI tract by digestive enzymes and intestinal bacteria

Back 16

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 17

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Adverse effects:

- flatulence
- abdominal distention
- diarrhea

Back 17

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 18

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Contraindicated:

- hypersensitivity
- DKA
- hepatic cirrhosis
- inflammatory or malabsorptive intestinal disorders
- renal impairment

Back 18

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Front 19

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- may take several weeks to see effects
- monitor LFT
- may be taken without regard to meals
- may be used alone or in combo with insulin, sulfonylureas, metformin

Back 19

Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones)

Front 20

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- rosiglitazone (Avandia)
- pioplitazone (Actos)

Back 20

Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones)

Front 21

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- decreases insulin resistance
- increases the ability of target cells to respond to insulin

Back 21

Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones)

Front 22

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Adverse effects:

- fluid retention
- hepatotoxicity
- URI
- weight gain

Back 22

Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones)

Front 23

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Contraindications:

- use caution with HF
- use caution with insulin

Back 23

Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones)

Front 24

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- may be used alone or in combo with metformin
- take up to 30 min before a meal
- if meal is skipped -> skip drug

Back 24

Meglitinides

Front 25

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- stimulates pancreatic secretion of insulin

Back 25

Meglitinides

Front 26

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- mateglinide (Starlix)
- repaglinde (Prandin)

Back 26

Meglitinides

Front 27

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Adverse effects:

- hypoglycemia
- rhinitis
- respiratory infections

Back 27

Meglitinides

Front 28

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

- SC route before am and pm meals
- synthetic form of the saliva found in the Gila monster lizard
- approved by FDA in April 2005

Back 28

Exenatide (Byetta)

Front 29

Which oral hypoglycemic drug:

Adverse effects:

- nausea
- hypoglycemia

Back 29

Exenatide (Byetta)