05. Toward Independence

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one of the fastest horses in Massachusetts, it took Paul Revere around the countryside to alert them of British attack at Concord.

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Brown Beauty (5)

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he alerted the Massachusetts countryside that the British were marching to a nearby town of Concord.

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Paul Revere (5)

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Americans who believed that the colonies had the right to govern themselves.

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Patriots (5)

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Americans who felt a deep loyalty to Great Britain and saw themselves as faithful subjects of the king.

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Loyalists (5)

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nations that join together in some common effort, such as winning a war.

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allies (5)

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the region between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers where settlers began moving to as the colonies grew.

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Ohio Valley (5)

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the present-day city where Fort Duquesne, a French fort, used to stand.

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Pittsburgh (5)

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a French fort built in 1754 in the present-day city of Pittsburgh.

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Fort Duquesne (5)

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a small army made up of ordinary citizens who are available to fight in an emergency.

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militia (5)

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a 22-year old volunteer who headed the Virginia militia to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley.

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George Washington (5)

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a series of wars which was part of a long struggle between France and Britain for territory and power in North America.

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French and Indian War (5)

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a bumbling British general who commanded the army to march into the Ohio Valley and was heavily defeated by the French sharpshooters and their Indian allies in the French and Indian Wars.

Back 12

Edward Braddock (5)

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the incident when about 90,000 pounds of tea was dumped into the sea on December 16, 1773, by the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawk Indians in defiance of the Tea Act.

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Boston Tea Party (5)

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writing about the immediate effects of the Boston Tea Party, this newspaper wrote, "this shocking act was, it filled all British America from one end to the other, with astonishment and grief."

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The Pennsylvania Gazette (5)

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Patriots who took a more violent action against the British attacking tax collectors' homes and even tarring and feathering them.

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"Sons of Liberty" (5)

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to take back, or to cancel, a law.

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repealed (5)

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a law passed by Parliament in 1765 ordering colonial assemblies to provide British troops with houses.

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Quartering Act (5)

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"Champagne Charlie," this British leader believed that the colonists' bad behavior made it even more important to keep an army in America.

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Charles Townshend (5)

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a series of laws passed in Parliament in 1767 which placed taxes on certain goods such as glass, paint, paper, and tea the colonists imported from Britain.

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Townshend Acts (5)

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a Boston Patriot who led the opposition to the Townshend Acts who was gifted at stirring up protests through his speeches and writing.

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Samuel Adams (5)

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to refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source or an organized refusal by many people.

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boycott (5)

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"One woman could do more for the good of her country than five hundred noisy Sons of Liberty, with all their mobs and riots."

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Virginia Gazette (5)

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the British Prime Minister who in 1770 persuaded to repeal all of the Townshend duties except for tea.

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Lord North (5)

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the incident that broke out between British soldiers and colonists where five defenseless people were killed and ten were injured.

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Boston Massacre (5)

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the name used by the colonists to make fun of British soldiers because of their red uniforms.

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"lobsterbacks" (5)

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the commander of the British army in America who wrote that "the people were as lawless ... after the troops arrived, as they were before."

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Gen. Thomas Gage (5)

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the commander of the British soldiers in the Boston Massacre who tried to persuade the unruly crowd to go home.

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Cpt. Thomas Preston (5)

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the first man to die in the Boston Massacre, he was a large black man who was at the front of the crowd.

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Crispus Attucks (5)

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a Boston lawyer and a Patriot who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre because he believed that every person had the right to a fair trial.

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John Adams (5)

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an act that lowered the cost of tea that was sold by the British East India Company and gave it complete control over tea sales in the colonies.

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Tea Act (5)

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a large trading company that controlled all trade between Britain and Asia which for years had been a moneymaker for Britain.

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British East India Company (5)

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complete control over an area of trade.

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monopoly (5)

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the port in Massachusetts where British East India Company tea ships sailed into American soil.

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Boston Harbor (5)

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one of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indian who described a firsthand account of the Boston Tea Party.

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George Hewes (5)

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crowned as king of England in 1760, the new king knew very little about conditions in America.

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George III (5)

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prohibited settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. King George hoped this would prevent conflict between the colonists and Native Americans.

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Proclamation of 1763 (5)

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the unjust use of government power.

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tyranny (5)

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the British Prime Minister who proposed the Stamp Act as payment for the colonists' fair share of the cost of protecting them.

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George Grenville (5)

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a law passed in 1765, that required colonists to buy a stamp for every piece of paper they used such as newspapers, wills, licenses, and even playing cards.

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Stamp Act (5)

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a series of new laws passed by Parliament in 1774 designed to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

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Intolerable Acts (5)

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a meeting of some 50 leaders from 12 colonies in Philadelphia in September 1774 who agreed to send a respectful message to King George and call for a new boycott of British goods until Parliament repealed the Intolerable Acts.

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First Continental Congress (5)

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a leader and delegate of Virginia to the First Continental Congress, he urged the members to come together as one people.

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Patrick Henry (5)

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members of the New England volunteer militia who could be ready to fight in just 60 seconds.

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Minutemen (5)

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a village in Massachusetts where the colonists hid large supply of gunpowder and weapons which resulted in the British troops seizing the weapons.

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Concord (5)

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a Patriot colonist who, with Paul Revere, galloped through the countryside, warning colonists that the British were coming.

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William Dawes (5)

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a village on the road to Concord where a small band of Minutemen fought with the British troops.

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Lexington (5)

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"Stand your ground. Don't fire unless fired upon! But if they mean to have a war, let it begin here."

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Cpt. John Parker (5)

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the colonial commander at Concord who fell as they approach the North Bridge.

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Cpt. Isaac Davis (5)

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the place in Concord, Massachusetts where the British troops opened fire but the Minutemen stood their ground and fired back.

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North Bridge (5)