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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In male, at beginning of puberty, the hypothalamus releases the hormone ____(1), which stimulates the ___(2) to secrete TWO hormones ___(3).
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(1) GnRH
(2) Anterior pituitary (3) LH and FSH |
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What effects does the hormone FSH have in males?
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FSH stimulates spermatogenesis. (Requires testosterone.)
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Where does spermatogenesis occur?
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In seminiferous tubules
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FSH requires the hormone ___(1) to produce sperm.
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(1)FSH requires testosterone. These hormones pair to stimulate formation of sperm.
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_____(1) are like "stem-cells" that differentiate to produce sperm cells.
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(1) Spermatogonia
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____(1) cells provide nutrients to Spermatogenia as they differentiate.
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(1) Sertoli cells.
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this hormone(1) acts on interstitial cells in testes; it stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone...
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(1) LH (Luteinizing hormone)
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this hormone(1) maintains sperm production, produces and maintains male sex characteristics.
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(1)Testosterone
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ICSH (Inters. cell stimulating hormone) is the same thing as the hormone ____(1)
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(1) LH
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In males what two hormones are released in pulses
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GnRH and LH
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In male, at beginning of puberty, the hypothalamus releases the hormone ____(1), which stimulates the ___(2) to secrete TWO hormones ___(3).
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(1) GnRH
(2) Anterior pituitary (3) LH and FSH |
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What effects does the hormone FSH have in males?
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FSH stimulates spermatogenesis. (Requires testosterone.)
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Where does spermatogensis occur?
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In seminiferous tubules
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FSH requires the hormone ___(1) to produce sperm.
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(1)FSH requires testosterone. These hormones pair to stimulate formation of sperm.
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_____(1) are like "stem-cells" that differentiate to produce sperm cells.
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(1) Spermatogonia
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____(1) cells provide nutrients to Spermatogenia as they differentiate.
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(1) Sertoli cells.
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this hormone(1) acts on interstitial cells in testes; it stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone...
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(1) LH (Luteinizing hormone)
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this hormone(1) maintains sperm production, produces and maintains male sex characteristics.
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(1)Testosterone
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ICSH (Inters. cell stimulating hormone) is the same thing as the hormone ____(1)
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(1) LH
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In males what two hormones are released in pulses
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GnRH and LH.
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LH hormone is required for ____(1) production.
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(1) testosterone
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The ____(1) are partitioned into segments in testes. Tubules empty into meshwork on back of testes called the _____(2).
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(1)Seminiferous Tubules
(2) Rete Testis |
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Sperm from the Rete Testis is sent to _____(1), the ___(1) is a storage area for sperm cells and is also very important in activating sperm cells.
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(1) Epididymis
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Put this sperm Xport path in order:
(1) Seminal Vesicle (gland) (2) Urethra (3) Ejaculatory Duct (4) Ductus Deferens Where is the prostate gland? |
(4) Ductus Deferens -> (1) Seminal Vesicle (gland) --> (3) Ejaculatory Duct --> (2) Urethra....4,1,3,2.
The prostate gland surrounds ejaculatory duct. |
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Put this sperm Xport path in order:
(1) Seminal Vesicle (gland) (2) Urethra (3) Ejaculatory Duct (4) Ductus Deferens Where is the prostate gland? |
(4) Ductus Deferens -> (1) Seminal Vesicle (gland) --> (3) Ejaculatory Duct --> (2) Urethra....4,1,3,2.
The prostate gland surrounds ejaculatory duct. |
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In males, LH hormone is required for ____(1) production.
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(1) testosterone
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The ____(1) are partitioned into segments in testes. Tubules empty into meshwork on back of testes called the _____(2).
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(1)Seminiferous Tubules
(2) Rete Testis |
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Sperm from the Rete Testis is sent to _____(1), the ___(1) is a storage area for sperm cells and is also very important in activating sperm cells.
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(1) Epididymis
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Arrange this sperm transport path:
(1) Ejaculatory duct (2) urethra (3) seminal vesicle gland (4)Ductus Deferans |
(4)Ductus Deferans -> (3) seminal vesicle gland -> (1) Ejaculatory duct -> (2)urethra
4,3,1,2. |
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Arrange this sperm Xport path:
(1) Ejaculatory duct (2) Urethra (3) Seminal Vesicle gland (4) ductus deferans |
Arrange this sperm Xport path:
(4) ductus deferans -> (3) Seminal Vesicle gland -> (1) Ejaculatory duct ->(2) Urethra -4,3,1,2 |
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Why are testes not held close to body?
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In mammals, sperm development needs to be at temperature 2-3 degrees Celsius lower than core body temp.
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What are the components of semen?
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Mixture of Liquid and sperm cells.
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In semen, what volume percentage is liquid from seminal vesicles and prostate?
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>90%
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Primary stimulus of erection is...
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Tactile stimulation or touching of end of penis.
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For an erection, the _____(1) N.S. inhibits ____(2) N.S., allowing vasodilation.
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(1) Parasympathetic N.S.
(2) Sympathetic N.S. |
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Give examples of secondary stimulus of erection.
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Memories, fantasies, sights, smells, sounds.
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When relaxed, the ____(1) N.S. constricts incoming arteries.
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(1)Sympathetic N.S.
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Give the mechanism for engorgement(the action of filling penis with blood to cause erection.)
-Mention: N.S., arteries, and veins. |
mechanism: Parasympathetic N.S. inhibits sympathetic N.S., this causes arteries to dilate, penis fills with blood, compressing veins.
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Inflation of tissues with blood increases and stiffness is known as...
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Engorgement
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For emission, smooth muscle of ____(1) and _____(2) move sperm cells into urethra, it is now mixed with liquid sectretions.
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(1) Epididymis
(2) Ductus Deferens |
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contractions of muscle around urethra expels semen, this is known as...
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Ejaculation
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An intense pleasure and feeling of release in an...
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ORGASM
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What is approximate volume of semen expelled, and how many sperm cells can be released upon ejaculation. (there is much variance)
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~3mL of semen expelled, 300 million sperm cells can be released.
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Requirements of Female reproductive system:
(1) have to produce ____ (2) provide a site for _____ passage (3) Provide a site for _____ (4)Provide a site and nutrients for _____ (5)has to deliver infant, parturition. (6) Provide nourishment for infant after birth. |
Requirements of Female reproductive system:
(1) have to produce ova (2) provide a site for sperm passage (3) Provide a site for fertilization (4)Provide a site and nutrients for gestation (5)has to deliver infant, parturition. (6) Provide nourishment for infant after birth. |
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Primary sex organ - contains ova, regulates cycles...
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Ovaries
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What is the difference between uterine tube and fallopian tube?
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They are the same thing. No difference.
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What is the difference between uterus and womb? what is their purpose?
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They are the same thing. No difference. It is the site of internal development of embryo.
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this muscular tube gives opening for injection of sperm and is the passage for baby coming out at childbirth...
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VAGINA
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Collectively, the external genital organs of the female are called...
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Vulva (includes Clitoris, inner 'Labia Minora', and outer 'Labia Majora)
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The main regulator in monthly cycles for females is the ____(1) cycle.
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(1) Ovarian
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-These two hormones are from the Pituitary gland and are involved in female montly cycles.
-These two hormones are released from ovaries. |
-FSH and LH are from pituitary gland.
-Ovaries release estrogen & Progesterone. |
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an oocyte is an immature ovum because it is stuck in middle of ...
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Meiosis
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These cells surround oocyte and acts as a nurse or supporting cell.
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Granulosa cells
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In puberty for females the cycle begins with the first production of (two hormones), this starts maturation of ___(1)
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In puberty for females the cycle begins with the first production of FSH and LH, this starts maturation of follicle(1)
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During the follicular phase, the increase of this hormone(1) begins "follicle maturation."
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During the follicular phase, the increase of FSH(1) hormone begins "follicle maturation."
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What occurs during the first week of follicular phase? (mention follicles and granulosa
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Several follicles start to mature and grow, granulosa proliferates.
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What occurs at end of first week of follicular phase?
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At end of first week, dominant follicle continues to grow and mature while other follicles regress and reabsorb.
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Luteal phase is started by surge of...
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LH
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mentruation begins and leads back into ______(1).
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Follicular phase
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What are pituitary hormones levels at beginning of follicular phase?
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FSH in increased a little at beginning. LH is low at beginning of follicular phase
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What hormone surges at end of follicular phase? What happens to granulosa cell?
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LH surge peaks @ ovulation. Granulosa cell that stay and converted into corpus luteum.
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The _____(1) provides both estrogen + progesterone.
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Corpus Luteum
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About ____(1) week into the luteal phase, if there's no fertilization, the hormone production from _____(1) drops, leading to _____(3) cycle.
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(1)one
(2)Corpus Luteum (3) menstruation |
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In what part of the reproductive organs does menstruation occur?
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Uterus
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The _____(1)phase in the menstrual cycle is when great cell growth and division occurs.
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(1) Proliferative
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What begins to happen to endometrium in the proliferative phase? Are there any secretions?
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Endometrium thickens and blood cells grow into it. Rich blood supply forms glands(no secretions).
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During the proliferative phase, There are high levels of the hormone ____(1) with little to none of the hormone ____(2)
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(1) Estrogen
(2) Progesterone |
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At what part of which phase does ovulation occur?
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At beginning of Secretory Phase
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During this phase, glands secrete nutrients to embryo if fertilization occurs in endometrium...
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Secretory Phase
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What stimulus regulates the secretory phase? (two hormones)
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Stimulus of secretory phase are high levels of estrogen and progesterone
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In fertilization does NOT occur, this is the end of _____(1) phase. There is a drop in _____(2) because the ______(3) produces no hormones.
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(1) Secretory Phase
(2) Progesterone (3) Corpus Luteum |
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This is the process of menstruation:
______(1) vessels constrict -> this causes outer layer to die -> then the ____(1) vessels dilate -> Blood flow rinses away dead cells -> menstrual flow |
This is the process of menstruation:
Endometrial(1) vessels constrict -> this causes outer layer to die -> then the Endometrial(1) vessels dilate -> Blood flow rinses away dead cells -> menstrual flow |
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give the process of menstruation if no fertilization occurs.
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This is the process of menstruation:
Endometrial vessels constrict -> this causes outer layer to die -> then the Endometrial vessels dilate -> Blood flow rinses away dead cells -> menstrual flow (then back to beginning) |
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What is the function of endometrium if fertilization occurs?
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Provide nutrients for embryo.
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just to look at
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speaks for itself
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