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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main functions of Kidneys?
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Osmoregulation-regulate composition of body fluids.
& Excretion-ridding body of chemicals |
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What is osmoregulation of the kidney and what three main components get adjusted.
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Osmoregulation is regulation of composition of body fluids. Three components adjusted are water, salts, and pH.
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During urine formation,what is reabsorption?(give examples of something that would be reabsorbed)
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moving materials from filtrate of nephron back into the blood (i.e. water, sugars, amino acids)
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During urine formation, what is secretion?
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occurs after blood filtered, actively moving material from blood into filtrate of nephron.
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During urine formation, what is filtration aka ultrafiltration?
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small molecules pass through filter. Proteins too big and don't pass through filter.
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during urine formation, what part of the blood is filtered?
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blood plasma.
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___ percent of blood supply is in kidneys. (hint: 1-2% of body mass)
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20%
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how many mL/min are filtered throught kidney?
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125ml/min
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This molecule is used to measure mass balance since it is neither secreted or reabsorbed in kidneys.
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Inulin ends up in urine if passed through filter.
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What agent can be used as an indicator of renal plasma flow?
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para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
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What is the smallest functional unit of kidney?
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Nephrons
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Past this point in the kidneys, all fluid is called tubular fluid.
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From the proximal convoluted tubule and on is called tubular fluid.
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This part of the kidney contains granular capsules, Proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule.
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Cortex(looks granular)
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This part of the kidney contains loop of Henle, and parallel collecting ducts.
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Medulla(look fibrous)
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this part of kidney reabsorbs water and ions, 3/4 of filtrate is reabsorbed here.
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PCT
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What is the average capillary hydrostatic pressure?
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60mmHg
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What is capillary colloid osmotic pressure(mmHg)?
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28mmHg
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What is the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space?
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20mmHg
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The opposing filtration of Capillary colloid osmotic pressure and pressure in bowman's space makes the net pressure in the capillaries go from 60mmHg to...(mmHg)
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about 10-12mmHg
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What is equation for GFR?
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here it is
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Renal plasma flowrate(RPF) measures the volume flow rate of plasma through kidneys. How could this be used to measure blood flow rate?
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Dividing the answer for RPF by .55. The percentage of blood that is plasma is 55%.
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what is the purpose of finding glomerular flow rate(GFR)?
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this equation is a mechanism to measure BLOOD flow through kidneys.
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If [PAH] in urine is 36mg/mL, the [PAH] in plasma is 0.05mg/mL, and the Urine flow rate(UF) is arbitrarily 1. What is the RPF? What is the blood flow rate as well?
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1x(36/0.05)=720mL/min plasma flowrate.
720/0.55=1300ml/min is blood flow rate. |
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What is the mechanism of water and ion reabsorption in PCT? (Why is 75% of water reabsorbed here)(mention Cl-)
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Sodium(Na+) is actively pumped out of PCT which reduces osmotic pressure in PCT. Water osmosis passively follows sodium, Cl- moves out passively due to charge imbalance.
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It is known that 75% of water is reabsorbed in PCT, how does this affect concentration.
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There is very little change in concentration.
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How much glucose is reabsorbed in PCT?
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100%
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How much amino acids are reabsorbed in PCT?
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about 90%
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Explain process of glucose and amino acids movings from PCT to capillaries. (discuss diffusion)
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Glucose and amino acids are actively pumped out of PCT into Interstitial fluid, From the Interstitial fluid, glucose and amino acids passively diffuse into capillaries.
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Is urea reaborbed in PCT?
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Urea is weakly reabsorbed(about 50%)
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Which type of nephron has loops deep in cortex?
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Juxtamedullary nephrons
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walls very permeable to water, impermeable to ions...(give thickness and location)
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Thin descending limb(no part is called thick descending limb; from medulla to loop of henle)
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This part of nephron is permeable to ions, impermeable to water...(give thickness and location)
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Lower thin ascending limb(coming out of medulla.)
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This part of nephron actively pumps ions out of tubular fluid and into interstitial fluid.(1st pump moves 1 NA+, 1K+, and 2Cl- from Tubular fluid fluid into cell, second pump moves from cell into Interstitial fluid, Cl- passively in and out of cell)
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Upper thick ascending limb(from outer medulla to Distal convoluted tubule)
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This part of kidney is very important in setting up large concentration gradients used by collecting duct to adjust urine concentration.
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Loop of Henle.
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